Hematologic Disorders: Anemias and Sickle Cell Disease

These flashcards provide vocabulary terms and clinical concepts regarding Iron Deficiency Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Folic Acid Deficiency, Aplastic Anemia, and Sickle Cell Anemia based on lecture notes.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

A condition characterized as microcytic and hypochromic, caused by blood loss, pregnancy, poor intake, or malabsorption.

Low Ferritin

A lab finding in Iron Deficiency Anemia that reflects a decrease in iron stores.

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

A lab value that is typically high in patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Pica

The craving for nonfood items, identified as a key clinical clue for Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Koilonychia

Spoon-shaped nails, a physical assessment finding in Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Z-track technique

The specific IM injection method used for iron to prevent skin staining; the site should not be massaged.

Pernicious Anemia

A macrocytic anemia caused by an autoimmune-mediated lack of Intrinsic Factor (IF) leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Terminal ileum

The specific anatomical site where Vitamin B12 absorption occurs.

Megaloblastic

A term describing macrocytic, immature red blood cells often seen in B12 and Folic Acid deficiencies.

Vitamin B12

The nutrient responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath; deficiency leads to neurological symptoms like paresthesia and confusion.

Red Beefy Tongue

A hallmark sign of Pernicious Anemia characterized by an inflamed smooth tongue due to thinning of the lining.

Cyanocobalamin

The medication used for lifetime IM injections to treat autoimmune-related Pernicious Anemia.

TOPS M

An acronym for drugs causing Folic Acid deficiency: Trimethoprim, OCPs, Phenytoin, Sulfasalazine, and Methotrexate.

Methotrexate

A medication known as a Folic Acid antagonist.

Aplastic Anemia

Anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in fatty and hypocellular marrow and pancytopenia.

Pancytopenia Management Precaution

Safety measures requiring the avoidance of fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw foods.

Hemoglobin S (HbS)

The abnormal type of hemoglobin produced in Sickle Cell Anemia instead of Hemoglobin A.

HIDES

An acronym for Sickle Cell crisis triggers: Hypoxia, Infection, Dehydration, Extreme cold, and Stress.

Autosomal recessive pattern

The inheritance pattern of Sickle Cell Anemia where both parents must be carriers for the child to have the disease.

Vasoocclusive crisis

Also known as a pain crisis, occurring when sickle-shaped cells cause occlusion, ischemia, and high lactic acid levels.

Splenic sequestration syndrome

An acute complication of Sickle Cell Anemia where blood pools in the spleen, potentially leading to shock.

Dactylitis

Also known as Hand & Feet Syndrome, an early sign of sickle cell crisis in infants and children.

HOP

An acronym for the management of an acute Sickle Cell crisis: Hydration, $O_2$, and Pain relief.

Hydroxyurea

A pharmacological agent that increases fetal hemoglobin ($Hgb$) to manage Sickle Cell Anemia, with a side effect of immunosuppression.