iphp real

Jean-Paul Sartre

An existentialist philosopher famously declared that "existence precedes essence" and that humans are "condemned to be free”

Philosophical Analysis

The fundamental method of philosophy comes from Greek roots meaning "a breaking up" or "a loosening" of complex ideas into smaller parts

Aristotle

Ancient Greek philosopher formulated the correspondence theory of truth, linking statements to actual states of affairs in reality

dichotomic

separating self and outer world

monistic

emphasizing unity

dichotomic

Western Logical Structure

monistic

Eastern Logical Structure

René Descartes

He is known as the "Father of Modern Philosophy" and is famous for the dictum cogito, ergo sum ("I think, therefore I am")

dictum cogito, ergo sum

I think, therefore I am

Maya

In the Upanishads, this term refers to the cosmic illusion that hides the true nature of reality

The Vedas

historical sacred texts of Hinduism, developed between 1500 and 1000 BCE, contain foundational philosophical pillars like Brahman and Maya

Logic

this branch acts as the organon or essential tool that establishes the rules for correct reasoning

Epistemology

branch of philosophy tackles fundamental questions regarding the nature, scope, sources, and limits of human knowledge

Metaphysics

branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality and what it means for something to be

The Study of Reality

According to John Hospers, which branch or description of philosophy refers to realities not addressed by natural or mathematical sciences

Will Durant

described philosophy as "the front trench in the siege of truth"

Philo, Sophia

are the two Greek words that make up the word "philosophy"

Primary Intersubjectivity

According to Axel Honneth, the category of intersubjectivity involves a direct, emotional bond between the self and a "concrete Other," such as a child and a caregiver

Secondary Intersubjectivity

According to Axel Honneth, this category of intersubjectivity involves the self, the Other, and the shared world

Eudaimonia

human flourishing, well-being, and living a deeply fulfilling life.

Bayanihan

In the Filipino worldview, this is the core concept, the foundational worldview of communal unity and collective responsibility rooted in the concept of kapwa

Pagdamay

This is an ethical framework that is for empathetic assistance or active sympathy towards others.

Pakikipagkapwa (Kapwa)

In the Filipino worldview, this is the core concept that represents shared identity and treats others as fellow beings who share in our humanity

Zoon politikon

Greek term Aristotle used to describe humans as naturally political beings whose flourishing occurs in community

Ubuntu

The Southern African concept meaning "I am because we are," mirrored in Filipino communal values

Cosmology

The branch of philosophy that investigates the physical structure, origin, and evolution of the universe

Theodicy

is a philosophical attempt to explain why God would allow evil to exist in the world

Axiology

examines what is important and worthwhile in human life.

Aesthetics

the study of beauty

Ethics

is the formal study of moral right and wrong and how human beings ought to live and act

Mitsein

Martin Heidegger’s term for human existence that emphasizes our "being-with" in a shared world

Hylomorphism

Aristotle's view of the soul and body where they are completely inseparable and function as a single being

Abstractus

The Latin root word for philosophical abstraction meaning "drawn away" or "removed”

Reflectere

The Latin root word for reflection meaning “to bend back”

Coherence Theory of Truth

The theory of truth that uses the analogy of a spider's web, suggesting that beliefs must interconnect and reinforce one another to sustain truth

Correspondence Theory of Truth

a statement, thought, or belief is true if it accurately corresponds to an objective

Pragmatic Theory of Truth

states that a belief or statement is true if it works and has practical value in human experience.

St. Thomas Aquinas

The medieval period philosopher whose theological-philosophical synthesis was characterized by Etienne Gilson as "Christian philosophy”

Forms (Ideas)

Plato’s "Two-Worlds" view separates the physical world of senses from the changeless world

Miletus

The ancient Greek city known as the cradle of Ionian philosophy where Thales first speculated about the primary element (Urstoff)

Philos

The Greek word meaning “love”

Sophia

The Greek word meaning "wisdom," which forms the second half of the word philosophy

Correspondence Theory

Coherence Theory

Pragmatic Theory

The three (3) major theories of truth

Philosophical Analysis

Philosophical Reflection

Philosophical Abstraction

The three (3) fundamental ways or methods of doing philosophy:

Level of Abstraction

Type of Explanation

The Goal

Testing assumptions

The Four (4) important features of Philosophical argument

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Ethics

Logic

Aesthetics

Theodicy

Cosmology

Four (4) major branches or divisions of philosophy

Universal Identity

Maya

Superiority of Unified Knowledge

Immortality

Deliverance

Philosophical Pillars of Unipanishads according to Turner

I Ching (Book of Changes)

Shijing (Book of Poetry)

Shujing (Book of History)

Liji (Book of Rites)

Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals)

The Five Classics (Wujing) of ancient Chinese philosophy:

Lun-yu (The Analects)

Chung-yung (Doctrine of Mean)

Ta-hsueh (Great Learning)

Meng tse (Mencius)

The Four Books (Wujing) of ancient Chinese philosophy: