chem concept 4-6

it is chem concept 4-6

Covalent Compound

A compound formed when two or more atoms share electrons.

Covalent Bond

Formed when nonmetallic elements share electrons.

Polar Covalent Bond

Forms when there is a difference in electronegativity (ΔEN), leading to unequal sharing of electrons.

Pure Covalent Bond

Forms when ΔEN = 0, allowing for equal sharing of electrons.

Diatomic Elements

Molecules consisting of two atoms of the same element, such as H2 or O2.

Molecule

A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to form bonds to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons.

Single Bond

A covalent bond formed by sharing two electrons.

Double Bond

A covalent bond formed by sharing four electrons.

Triple Bond

A covalent bond formed by sharing six electrons.

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion; the principle that electron pairs repel each other, maximizing their distance.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has partial charges due to uneven sharing of electrons.

Nonpolar Molecule

A molecule with no partial charges because the electrons are equally shared.

Bond Electronegativity Difference (BEND)

The difference in electronegativity between atoms, used to determine bond polarity.

Dipole-Dipole Force

The attractive force between polar molecules.

Hydrogen Bonding

The dipole-dipole attraction between molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative atoms.

London Dispersion Forces

Intermolecular attractions resulting from temporary dipoles formed by electron motion.

Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

Attractive forces between particles in a substance, typically weaker than intramolecular forces.

Viscosity

A fluid's resistance to movement, influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance's vapor pressure equals external pressure, affected by intermolecular forces.

inter

prefix meaning ‘between’ or ‘among’

intra

prefix meaning ‘within’