pathophys 3: musculoskeletal system

bodily system containing all the bones and muscles that help us move

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

A condition in which a shoulder is significantly limited in its range of motion as a result of inflammation

avulsion

Separation of a body part by tearing.

bone tumors

Any abnormal growth

bursa

A tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues.

bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa

calcitonin

A hormone secreted by the thyroid that has the effect of lowering blood calcium.

crepitation

A grating or crackling sound or sensation (as that produced by the fractured ends of a bone moving against each other).

dislocations

The forcible displacement of a bone from its joint

fascia

A fibrous membrane that covers

fibromyalgia

Chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles

fractures

Broken bones; caused by stress on the bone resulting from a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system

ganglion

A benign

gout

A chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism that manifests as an acute

hallux rigidus

A stiff big toe that develops as a result of degeneration of the cartilage of the first MTP joint.

hallux valgus (bunion)

Localized area of enlargement of the inner portion of the metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe.

hammer toe

Condition of the toe in which the toe bends upward like a claw because of an abnormal flexion of the PIP joint.

hematopoiesis

The production and development of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production.

kyphosis

An abnormal outward curvature of the spine.

lordosis

An exaggerated inward curvature of the spine.

Lyme disease

Infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacterium. Can affect the skin

Marfan's syndrome

A group of inherited conditions featuring abnormal connective tissue with weakness of blood vessels and excessive length of the extremities.

muscle tumors

Benign or malignant tumors that may arise at any site in the body

ossification

The development of bone.

osteoarthritis

A type of arthritis that results from the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints.

osteogenesis

The formation of bone tissue.

osteomalacia

Disease characterized by a defective mineralization of the bones.

osteomyelitis

A serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment.

osteoporosis

Condition characterized by loss of the normal bone density. Bone becomes compressible instead of dense.

Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)

A chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged

plantar fasciitis (calcaneal spur)

An inflammatory response at the bottom of the heel bone.

rickets

Osteomalacia in developing children.

rotator cuff tears

Tears in any of the rotator cuff tendons limiting the function of the shoulder.

scoliosis

A lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. Typically congenital.

severed tendon

Tendon is torn completely into two sections and thus prevents the muscle from performing its function of moving a body part.

shin splints

A painful condition involving inflammation of the periosteum

sprain

An acute partial tear of a ligament.

strain

An injured tendon

synovial

Pertaining to a lubrication fluid around a joint

tenorrhaphy

The procedure of suturing two ends of the tendon together.

torn meniscus

A crack or fissure in the meniscus in the knee joint that is usually a result of wear or injury.