Bio 314- Lymphatic System (UWEC)

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/254

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

255 Terms

1
New cards

immune system

cell population that inhabits all organs and defends body from agents of disease

2
New cards

is the immune system an organ system?

no

3
New cards

what is fluid recovery?

fluid continually filters from the blood capillaries into the tissue spaces

4
New cards

what can the lymphatic system be considered as?

a filter

5
New cards

immunity

excess filtered fluid picks up foreign cells and chemicals from the tissues

6
New cards

lipid absorption

lacteals, in small intestine absorb dietary lipids that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries

7
New cards

what is lymph?

the recovered fluid

8
New cards

What do lymphatic vessels do?

transport the lymph

9
New cards

What is lymphatic tissue composed of?

composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs in the body

10
New cards

What cells are concentrated in lymphatic organs? And what separates them from other organs?

- defense cells are especially concentrated in these organs

- seperated from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules

11
New cards

charateristics of lymph

clear fluid, similar to plasma but no proteins.

12
New cards

what does lymph orginate as?

extracellular fluid drawn into lymphatic capillaries

13
New cards

lymphatic capilaries penetrate nearly every tissue except:

cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow

14
New cards

what cells overlap eachother to make up the capillary wall of lymphatic capillaries?

endothelial cells

15
New cards

how are the cells in lymphatic capilaries tethered to surrounding tissue?

protein filaments

16
New cards

when do the valve like flaps that the endothelium creates when the pressure is high or low? (lymphatic caplilaries)

high- open low- close

17
New cards

what are the three layers of lymphatic vessels?

tunica interna tunica media tunica externa

18
New cards

waht does the layer tunica interna include?

endthelium and valves

19
New cards

waht does the layer tunica media include?

elastic fibers, smooth muscle

20
New cards

waht does the layer tunica externa include?

thin outer layer

21
New cards

what are the two collecting ducts for the lymphatic vessels?

right lymphatic duct thoracic duct

22
New cards

what does the right lymphatic duct do?

receives lymph from right arm, right side of head and thorax; empties into right subclavian vein

23
New cards

what does thoracic duct do?

larger and longer, starts as cisterna chyli in abdomen, recieves lymph from below diaphragm, left arm, left side of head, neck, thorax and empties into left subclaivain vein

24
New cards

What are the 3 main sets of tonsils

palatine tonsils lingual tonsils pharyngeal tonsil

25
New cards

spleen

the body's largest lymphatic organ

26
New cards

what are the two types of tissues in the spleen?

red pulp - sinuses filled with erythrocytes white pulp- lymphocytes, macrophages surrounding small branches of splenic artery

27
New cards

what are the spleen functions?

- spleen is erythrocyte graveyard

- it is the blood cell production in fetus

- white pulp monitors blood for foreign

- stabilizes blood vol. thru plasma transfers to lymphatic system

28
New cards

pathogens

capable of producing disease

29
New cards

three lines of defenses against pathogens

1) skin and mucous membranes 2) several innate defense mechanisms 3) adaptive immunity (leaves memory so that it can defeat faster in future)

30
New cards

innate defenses

guard equally against a broad range of pathogens

31
New cards

what does the venous retun have that lymph doesnt?

a pump

32
New cards

at what pressure does lymph flow at?

low pressure

33
New cards

how is lymph moved along in lymph flow?

rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels

34
New cards

what is lymph flow aided by?

skeletal muscle pump

35
New cards

what do valves fo in the flow of lymph?

prevent backward flow

36
New cards

what significatnly increases lumphatic return?

exercise

37
New cards

what are the charateristics of the natural killer cells?

large lymphocytes that attack/destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue, host cells infeceted with viruses or that have turned cancerous

38
New cards

where do t lymphocytes mature?

mature in thymus

39
New cards

what does the activation of B lymphocytes cause?

proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies

40
New cards

what are macrophages?

large, avidly phagocytic cells of connective tissue

41
New cards

from what do macrophages develop from?

develop from monocytes

42
New cards

what do macrophages do?

phagocytize tissue debirs, dead neutrophils, bacteria and other foreign matter

43
New cards

how do macrophages alert the immune system to enemies?

they process foreign matter and display the antigenic fragments to certain t cells.

44
New cards

are macrophages antigen-presenting cells?

yes

45
New cards

what do dendrintic cells do?

alert immune system to pathogens that have breached the body surface

46
New cards

what are dendrintic cells

branched, mobile antigen-presenting cells

47
New cards

where can you find dendrintic cells?

epidermis, mucous membranes and lymphatic organs

48
New cards

what are reticular cells?

branched stationary cells that contribute to stroma of lymphatic organ

49
New cards

what is lymphatic tissue?

clutster of lymphocytes in onnective tissues of mucous membranes and various organs

50
New cards

what is the difference between lymphatic tissue and DIFFUSE lymphatic tissue?

lymphocytes are scattered not clustered

51
New cards

where is diffuse lymphatic tissue prevalent in the body?

body passages open to the exterior

52
New cards

what is the simplest form of lymphatic tissue?

diffuse lymphatic tissue

53
New cards

decribe lymphatic nodules (follicles]

dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens

54
New cards

what are lymphatic nodules a constant feature of?

lymph nodes, tonsils and appendix

55
New cards

what do lymphatic organs have around them to seperate them from other organs?

lymphatic tissues

56
New cards

what are considered PRIMARY lymphatic organs?

red bone marrow and thymus

57
New cards

what are considered secondary lymphatic organs?

lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen

58
New cards

what populate secondary lymphatic organs?

immunocompetent (having a normal immune response) cells

59
New cards

what are primary lymphatic organs a site for?

where t and B cells become immunocompetent

60
New cards

what is red bone marrow involved in?

hemopoiesis and immunity

61
New cards

charateristics of red bone marrow

soft, loosely organized, highly vascular material

62
New cards

what systems is the thymus apart of?

endocrine, lymphatic and immune

63
New cards

what does the thymus develop?

lymphocytes

64
New cards

why does the thymus secrete hormones?

to refulate their activity

65
New cards

what is the most numerous lymphatic organ?

lymph nodes

66
New cards

what are the two funcs of lymph nodes?

cleanse the lymph and act as a site of T and B cell activation

67
New cards

what is the interior of a lymph node divided into?

cortex and medulla

68
New cards

what type of lymphatic vessels lead into the node along its convex surface?

several afferent lymphatic vessels

69
New cards

where does lymph leave the node through

one to three efferent lymphatic vessels that leave the hilum

70
New cards

what is metastasis?

cancerous cells break free from original tumor, travel to other sitres in body and estabilish new tumors

71
New cards

what are tonsils?

patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance of pharynx

72
New cards

what do tonsils fuard the body against?

against ingested or inhaled pathogens

73
New cards

what are the tonsils covered by?

epithelium

74
New cards

what tonsil gets the most infected

palatine tonsil

75
New cards

what is the body's largest lymphatic organ?

spleen

76
New cards

what are the two types of tissue in the spleen?

red pulp and white pulp

77
New cards

what lymphatic organ is highly vascular and vunerable to trauma and infection?

spleen

78
New cards

what are pathogens?

agents capable of producing disease

79
New cards

what are the three lines of defense against pathogens?

- first line: skin and muscous membranes

- second line: several innate defense mechanisms (leukocytes macrophages, antimicrobial protiens, natural killer cells inflammation and fever)

- third line: adaptive immunity (leaves memory)

80
New cards

what line of defense against pathogens are non-specific?

first and second

81
New cards

what are innate defenses?

guard equally against a broad range of pathogens

82
New cards

what do innate defenses lack

capacity to remember pathogens

83
New cards

what are the three innate defenses?

protective proteins protective cells protective processes

84
New cards

what is adaptive immunity?

develop seperate immunity to EACH pathogen

85
New cards

what external barrier makes it mechanically difficult for microorganisms to enter the body?

skin

86
New cards

what makes skin tough?

keratin

87
New cards

what is the acid mantle on skin?

thin film of lactic and fatty acids from sweat and sebum that inhibits bacterial growth

88
New cards

what do peptides in skin do?

kill microbes

89
New cards

what peptides are in the skin

demicidin, defensins, and cathelicdins

90
New cards

what is protected by mucous membranes?

digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

91
New cards

what does mucous membranes do to microbes?

physically traps microbes

92
New cards

what does lysozyme do in the mucous membrane?

enzye destroys baterial cell walls

93
New cards

what are phagocytes?

cells that engulf foreign matter

94
New cards

5 types of phagocytes

neutrohils eosinophils basophils monocytes lymphocytes

95
New cards

where do neutrophils wander?

cibbectuve tussye jukkubg vacterua

96
New cards

how do neutrophils kill bacteria?

phagocytosis and digestion

97
New cards

what happens when lysosomes degranulate? (neutrophils)

discharge enzymes into tissue fluid causing a respiratory burst

98
New cards

where are eosinophils found?

in mucous membranes

99
New cards

what do eosinophils guard against?

guard against parasites, allergens and other pathogens

100
New cards

what do eosinophils promote action of?

basophils and mast cells