HNSC 1210 - Ch. 1: Nutrition for Health and Changing Lifestyles

What are essential nutrients?

Nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own and must obtain from food.

What does 'conditionally essential' mean?

Nutrients that the body cannot make enough of to meet health requirements.

Name the 8 essential amino acids.

Threonine, Valine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Methionine.

What are the two essential fatty acids?

Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid.

How many fat-soluble vitamins are there?

Three: A, D, E, plus one conditional vitamin, K.

What is the calorie value of carbohydrates?

4 calories per gram.

What is the calorie value of protein?

4 calories per gram.

What is the calorie value of fat?

9 calories per gram.

What is the calorie value of alcohol?

7 calories per gram.

What is nutrient density?

A measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food.

How do you calculate the percentage of calories from fat in a food item?

Divide calories from fat by total calories and multiply by 100.

What are the components of a nutritious diet?

Adequate essential nutrients, balance, calorie control, moderation, and variety

What influences food choices? (12)

- Advertising

- Availability

- Economy

- Emotional comfort

- Habit

- Personal preference

- Positive associations

- Country region

- Social pressure

- Values/beliefs

- Weight

- Nutritional value.

What is the definition of nutrition?

The study of nutrients in food, how they are used in the body, and human behaviors related to food.

What role does diet play in disease prevention?

Diet influences long-term health and can affect the risk of various diseases.

What is nutritional genomics?

The science of how nutrients affect gene activity and how genes affect nutrient activity.

What are chronic diseases?

Diseases of long duration, such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

What are the three main functions of nutrients?

Provide energy, building materials, and support maintenance and growth of the body.

What is the definiton of Diet?

The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

Are all diseases purely from nutrition?

No, some disease are purely genetic, but for others, nutrition plays a role in the intensity of the disease

What is the definition of Food?

Any substance that the body can take in that will enable it to stay alive and healthy - carriers of nutrients

What is the definition of Health?

The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

What are Nutrients?

Components in food that are indispensable (or essential) to the functioning of the body

What are the energy-providing nutrients? And what are other nutrients?

Carbs, Fat, Protein

Water, Vitamins, Minerals

What minerals are essential?

All

Is alcohol a nutrient?

No, it only provides energy

What do basic food/whole foods do?

Form the basis of a nutritious diet

What are Enriched foods or Fortified foods?

Foods to which nutrients have been added

What is fast food?

Restaurant foods that are available within minutes after ordering

What are Functional foods?

Foods known to possess nutrients or non nutrients that might protect against chronic disease

What is the education of a nutritionist?

- Term is not regulated

- May have university degree in nutrition

- May not have formal training - self-taught

What is the education of a Registered Dietitian (R.D.)?

- Term is regulated by law

- Member of provincial regulatory body (CDM)

- 4-year undergraduate degree + 8-12 month internship in health care setting