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Definition of Statistics
Branch of science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation (CoPAI) of data.
Nature of Statistics
Aids in decision making
Nature of Statistics
Summarizes data for public use
Fields of Statistics
Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics
Fields of Statistics
Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics
Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics
Refer to procedure and techniques used in the CoPAI of data.
Descriptive Statistics
Comprised with methods concerned with the collection, description and analysis of a set of data w/o drawing conclusions.
Descriptive Statistics
The main concern is to simply describe the data
Descriptive Statistics
Conclusions apply only to the data on hand.
Inferential statistics
Comprise those methods concerned with making predictions or inferences about a larger set of data
Inferential Statistics
The main concern is not merely describe but to predict and make inferences based on the information gathered
Inferential Statistics
Conclusions are applicable to a larger set of data which a data on hand is only a subset.
Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics
Deals with the development and exposition of theories that serve as the bases of statistical methods
Population
Is a collection of all the elements under consideration in a statistical study
Sample
A part or subset of the population from which the information is collected
Parameter
Numerical characteristic of the population
Statistic
Numerical characteristic of the sample
Steps in Statistical Inquiry
Variable
Is a characteristic or attribute of persons or objects which can assume different values or labels
Measurement
Process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for a particular experimental unit
Discrete Variable
Infinite number of values; measured by counting or enumeration
Continuous Variable
Infinitely many values corresponding to a line interval
Qualitative Variable
Categorical response
Quantitative Variable
Numerical values
Nominal Level (Classificatory Scale)
Is the weakest level of measurement where numbers or symbols are used only for categorizing subjects
Ordinal Level (Ranking Scale)
Contains the properties of the nominal level. Variables may be ranked in low-high manner.
Interval Level
Had the properties of ordinal and nominal level.
Interval Level
Must have a common and constant unit of measurement
Ratio Level
Contains all the properties of the interval level
Ratio Level
Has a true zero point
Primary Source
Data measured by the researcher that published it
Secondary Source
Any republication of data by other agency
Internal Data
Information that relates to the operations and functions of the organization collecting the data
External Data
Information that relates to some activity outside the organization collecting the data