PSTATS CHPTR 1

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38 Terms

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Definition of Statistics

Branch of science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation (CoPAI) of data.

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Nature of Statistics

Aids in decision making

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Nature of Statistics

Summarizes data for public use

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Fields of Statistics

Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics

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Fields of Statistics

Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics

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Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics

Refer to procedure and techniques used in the CoPAI of data.

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Descriptive Statistics

Comprised with methods concerned with the collection, description and analysis of a set of data w/o drawing conclusions.

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Descriptive Statistics

The main concern is to simply describe the data

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Descriptive Statistics

Conclusions apply only to the data on hand.

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Inferential statistics

Comprise those methods concerned with making predictions or inferences about a larger set of data

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Inferential Statistics

The main concern is not merely describe but to predict and make inferences based on the information gathered

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Inferential Statistics

Conclusions are applicable to a larger set of data which a data on hand is only a subset.

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Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics

Deals with the development and exposition of theories that serve as the bases of statistical methods

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Population

Is a collection of all the elements under consideration in a statistical study

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Sample

A part or subset of the population from which the information is collected

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Parameter

Numerical characteristic of the population

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Statistic

Numerical characteristic of the sample

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Steps in Statistical Inquiry

  1. Define the problem
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  1. Formulate the research design
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  1. Collect data
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  1. Code and analyze the collected data
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  1. Interpret the results
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Variable

Is a characteristic or attribute of persons or objects which can assume different values or labels

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Measurement

Process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for a particular experimental unit

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Discrete Variable

Infinite number of values; measured by counting or enumeration

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Continuous Variable

Infinitely many values corresponding to a line interval

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Qualitative Variable

Categorical response

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Quantitative Variable

Numerical values

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Nominal Level (Classificatory Scale)

Is the weakest level of measurement where numbers or symbols are used only for categorizing subjects

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Ordinal Level (Ranking Scale)

Contains the properties of the nominal level. Variables may be ranked in low-high manner.

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Interval Level

Had the properties of ordinal and nominal level.

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Interval Level

Must have a common and constant unit of measurement

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Ratio Level

Contains all the properties of the interval level

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Ratio Level

Has a true zero point

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Primary Source

Data measured by the researcher that published it

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Secondary Source

Any republication of data by other agency

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Internal Data

Information that relates to the operations and functions of the organization collecting the data

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External Data

Information that relates to some activity outside the organization collecting the data