imp movements

Khalifat movement

plan based on hindu / muslim unity

Reason : harsh treaty on khalifa ( caliphat ) of ottoman empire of turkey

In india lead by Muslim brothers ( Muhammad Ali and Shoukat Ali ) ( 1919 to 1924 )

Turkish govt abolished caliphat (1924)

movement declined

Non cooperation movement

4th sept 1920

Refused to buy goods of british

People resigned from posts : teacher , lawyer ,etc

Boycott of civil service

Limitations :-

No alternative

Khadi was expensive and time consuming

Why was non cooperation called off and when

Called off in (12 feb 1922 ) because of chauri chaura incident

In 4th feb 1922 of U.P Gorakpur

2k to 3k protesters: 2 were killed by police firing

22 police men died ( when public burnt a police station )

Gandhi imprisoned (18 march 1922 ) for 6 years

Internal debate

Motilal nehru and chittranjan das reject gandhi’s leadership and formed swaraj party ( wanted to return to council politics )

Jawaharlal nehru and Subhash chandra bose pressed for mass agitation

Simon commission

Appointed in 1927

Arrived in 3rd feb 1928

7 member group

No indians

Chairman : Sir john simon

Objective: constitutional reform & review Govt of india act 1919

Slogan : Simon Go Back

Lala Rajpat Rai : Injured by police and died

Viceroy Irwin : gave dominion offer ( 1929 )

Indian leaders rejected

Purna swaraj

In 1929 ( flag hosting was done )under presidency of J.L NEHRU congress formalized demand for purna swaraj ( 1930 was declared to public )

26 Jan 1930 fully independence was celebrated but little attention was given ( later 1950 , 26 Jan was celebrated as Republic day : adoption of constitution)

Civil disobedience

On 31 Jan 1930 11 demands were put by gandhi to viceroy : to be fulfilled by 11 march

One was to abolish salt laws

Irwin did not negotiate

On 12th march : Dandi march / Salt march started

With 78 volunteers intially

From sabarmati ashram to dandi ( a coastal town of gujarat ) 240 to 386 miles ( 24 days )

6 april 1960 Salt laws were violated

Forest laws were also broken

Gandhi was arrested

Became violent again

Called off by gandhi 7 th april 1934

Irwin pact

5th march 1931 ( released freedom fighters , salt manufacturers allowed , gandhi to participate in 2nd round table conference )

Gandhi came disappointed from 2nd RTC

fast unto death

Poona pact ( Sept 1932 ) ( between ambedkar and gandhi )

Sc got 148 reserved seats in provincial and legislative councils

Round table conference

1st : Nov 1930 - Jan 1931

London

India’s future reforms

INC biggest party of India refused to join

2nd : Sept to Dec 1931

Gandhi vs Ambedkar

Demand for seperate electorate for dalits

Muslim and other groups also demanded

Gandhi did fast unto death

3rd : not significant

After Bapu’s return from 2nd RTC

Gaffar khan and JL NEHRU were jailed

INC declared as illegal

Gandhi started civil disobedience movement again

But it lost it momentum

Govt of india act 1935

Passed by British

Limited self rule

Congress did not accept fully

1937 : elections were held

And congress won and formed govt in 7 states

World war 2 ( 1939 )

Axis power : germany , italy , japan

Allied power : britain france us soviet union and china

British included india without the consent of indians

As protest congress ministries resigned ( 1939 )

Individual satyagrah continued

When did muslim league demand pakistan

1940

Cripps mission

1942

Standfort cripps

Negotiation mission

Asking support in ww2 in return of self rule Congress did

Domion status

Inc rejected

Gandhi :- “ post dated cheque on crashing bank “

Quit india movement

1942

Mass protest and violence ( do or die )

End of ww2

British weakened

Partition and independence

15 aug 1947