Indian polity by Laxmikant 6th edition pdf free download
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19 Terms
1
Constitutional Amendment
A formal change or addition to the Constitution.
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2
Article 368
The article in the Indian Constitution that outlines the procedure for amending the Constitution.
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3
Basic Structure Doctrine
A legal doctrine established by the Supreme Court of India which asserts that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed.
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4
Special Majority
A type of majority required in the Indian Parliament to pass certain amendments, which includes a majority of total membership and a two-thirds majority of those present and voting.
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5
Simple Majority
A majority that is more than half of the members present and voting.
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6
Ratification
The formal approval of an amendment by the state legislatures.
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7
Federal Structure
The distribution of powers between the central government and state governments.
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8
Constituent Power
The authority of Parliament to amend the Constitution.
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9
Kesavananda Bharati case
A landmark Supreme Court case that established the Basic Structure Doctrine in 1973.
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10
Constitutional Assembly
A body responsible for drafting and adopting the Constitution.
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11
Legislative Process
The procedure through which laws are enacted by Parliament.
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12
Joint Sitting
A gathering of both Houses of Parliament, which is not permitted for constitutional amendment bills in case of disagreement.
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13
Parliamentary Approval
The requirement of both Houses of Parliament to pass constitutional amendment bills.
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14
Assent of the President
The formal approval required from the President for a constitutional amendment bill to become law.
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15
Amendment Types
The categorization of amendments as simple majority, special majority, or a combination of both with state approval.
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16
Constitutional Defects
Criticism regarding the inadequacies and ambiguities in the Constitution's amendment process.
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17
Privileges of Parliament
Rights and immunities enjoyed by the Parliament and its members in the performance of their duties.
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18
Ordinary Legislative Process
The normal mechanism by which bills are made into laws in Parliament, distinct from constitutional amendments.
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19
Legislative Councils
An upper house in the state legislature, whose creation or abolition requires parliamentary approval.
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