APUSH Module 15 Quiz

“Good Neighbor Policy”

Initiated by FDR, the policy aimed at improving relations with Latin American nations

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36 & 37

Series of laws protecting the United States from being involved in foreign affairs

FDR’s Quarantine Speech

A speech that called for a quarantine to counter aggressive nations

Cash & Carry

Allowed Allied powers to purchase American goods, having to pay upfront and transporting the products themselves

Lend-Lease

A system where a country provides goods/services, with an understanding that they will be repaid later

“Arsenal of Democracy”

A term coined by FDR to describe the efforts America made to support the Allied nations

Fair Employment Practices Act

A state/local law that prohibits employee discrimination based on characteristics

Manhattan Project

A government undertaking where they tried to develop the first atomic weapons

Robert Oppenheimer

Played a large role in the Manhatten project - Was a director of the laboratory that developed the first atomic bomb

Executive order 9066

Authorized the segregation and relocation of Japanese Americans

Korematsu v US (1944)

The Supreme Court decided to uphold Executive order 9066, deciding that it was constitutional

“Big Three”

Refers to the three leaders of the Allied Powers - FDR, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin

Yalta & Potsdam Conference

Conferences held to discuss the end of World War II and the orders needed

Containment

U.S.policy of preventing the spread of Soviet Influence (communism)

NATO

A military alliance that was created to stop Soviet aggression and to counter the Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact

A military alliance that aimed to counter NATO

Marshall Plan

U.S. program of financial aid, intended to rebuild economies and counter Communism

Berlin Airlift

A major event where the U.S. and Britain lifted 2.3 million tons of supplies to Berlin

“GI Bill”

Provided benefits to returning WWII veterans, helping them transition back into civilian life

(HUAC)

Created to investigate disloyalty of the U.S. and to stop the spread of Communism

McCarthyism

Political practice of Senator Joseph McCarthy of publicly accusing people of disloyalty

Suez crisis

A military conflict that was triggered by the Egypt nationalization of the suez canal. Britain and France wanted to take it over, but the U.S. and Soviet Union opposed the invasion.

Military-Industrial complex

Interconnected relationship between a nation’s military establishment, the defense industry, and politicians

Bay of Pigs invasion

A failed attempt by the U.S. to overthrow Fidel Castro, the leader of Cuba

Cuban Missile crisis

A confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union brought on by the placement of nuclear weapons in the U.S.

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A congressional act that authorized President Lyndon Johnson to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war

Domino Theory

Suggests that if one nation falls to communism, nations surrounding it will as well

Vietnamization

Nixon’s strategy to withdraw troops from the Vietnam War

Kent State Massacre

Ohio national guard fired on Kent State University students protesting the Vietnam war

Detente

The policy of reducing Cold War tensions, including Salt I and Salt II

Pentagon Papers

Top-secret U.S. study detailing U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war. The documents were leaked

SALT I / SALT II

Treaties between the U.S. and Soviet Union aimed at limiting development and deployment of nuclear weapons

American Hostage crisis (Iran)

An international accident where Iran citizens seized the U.S. embassy and held American citizens hostage

SDI “Star Wars”

A proposed missile defense system by Ronald Reagan, which aimed to intercept Soviet missiles

Perestroika / Glasnost

Key reforms introduced by Soviet leader to reform the economy. They contributed to its downfall

Mikhail Gorbachev

The last leader of the Soviet Union, known for his reforms.

1. What was the political significance of the U-2 spy plane incident of 1960?

Did not help detente, the attempt of reducing tensions. It exposed the Americans for being involved in war time activities after a U.S. plane was shot down. It increase Cold War tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union