Neuroscience and Speech-Language Pathology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to neuroscience and its implications for speech-language pathology.

Language

The understanding and expressing of thoughts, words, and feelings.

Cognition

Non-verbal reasoning; higher-level thinking.

Neuron

The basic building block of the nervous system that processes and transmits information.

Neuroscience

The study of the nervous system, including its anatomy, physiology, and pathology.

Lesion

An area of tissue damage in the brain.

Neurology

The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system.

Neuroanatomy

The study of the structures of the nervous system.

Neurophysiology

The study of neurological function and how neurons operate.

Neuroembryology

The study of the growth of the nervous system during embryonic development.

Neuropathology

The study of diseases affecting neurological structures and functions.

Vascular Disorders

Conditions related to blood flow issues in the vascular system.

Thrombosis

The formulation of a localized clot that narrows and blocks a blood vessel.

Embolism

A clot that travels from another part of the body to block a vessel.

Hemorrhagic

A type of vascular disorder involving bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain.

Neoplastic Conditions

Pathological growth of tissue, which can be benign or malignant.

Degenerative Conditions

Diseases or conditions that worsen over time and are progressive.

Motor Disorders

Conditions affecting movement, often linked to basal ganglia dysfunction.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Amnesia and psychosis resulting from thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain.

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain itself.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

The part of the nervous system that includes cranial and spinal nerves.

Afferent

Ascending sensory communication from the body to the brain.

Efferent

Descending motor communication from the brain to the body.

Homunculus

A topographical map of the body represented in the brain.

Plasticity in the Brain

The brain's ability to reorganize and modify functions in response to changes.

Contralateral Control

The brain's control over the opposite side of the body.

Centrality of CNS

The CNS integrates all incoming and outgoing information for responses.