FIVS 205 Brundage Exam 2 (Reading Quiz Questions)

What is the dental formula for a human child?

2.1.2.

What connects muscle to bone?

tendons

A technique in which DNA is transferred onto a nylon membrane d anradioactive probes are added to the DNA in order to visualize.

Southern Blotting

What skeletal feature do many methods use for forensic ancestry?

Skull

In order to develop PCR what characteristics of an enzyme were needed?

Withstand extreme heat needed to unzip the DNA strands

Which of the following is not an entry level requirement for DNA analysts?

"Completion of analytical, inorganic, and physical chemistry courses"

What credential is increasingly utilized nationally and internationally to qualify expert witnesses in court?

Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology

When did the FBI open the crime lab specializing in forensic anthropology?

1932

"Who wrote ""The Identification of the Human Skeleton, A Medicolegal Study""?"

Thomas Dwight

Scientific certainty is generally restricted to what percent levels?

90% or higher

What is another name for the study of the human skeleton (closely related to Forensic Anthropology)?

Osteology

What does the acronym CODIS stand for?

Combined DNA Index System

Where is nuclear DNA found?

chromosomes

"What is the area where material from the grave and surrounding area is sifted through to reveal human remains, artifacts, fibers, and associated insect?"

screening area

A male pelvis should have:

All of these:

a subpubic angle of 50- 82 degrees

a triangular pubis

a heart shaped pubis

"sacrum longer, narrower, and curved inward"

An osteobiography does NOT focus on:

Quantifying organ toxicology

"Measurements of skulls in an attempt to differentiate human bodies" is the first known use of __________.

forensic anthropology

Which cells contain nuclear DNA?

skin cells

Which of these indicate a female skull?

All of these:

High and rounded frontal bone

Rounded eye orbits

Greater than 900 angle on mandible

Smooth surface

Absence of occipital protuberance

A oval-shaped pelvic cavity is indicative of a ________.

female pelvis

How many pairs of chromosomes, including the gender chromosome, do humans have?

23

What is the most reliable indicator of adult age?

pubic symphysis

Whose experimental findings were that second generation reappearance of characteristics present in one of the grandparents used in his studies demonstrated that inheritance was particulate and mixing did not alter genes?

Gregor Mendel

What is the name of the region of constant cartilage?

growth plate

"When did the ""modern period"" of forensic anthropology begin?"

1972

Who generally develops earlier?

females

After what age do bones start to deteriorate overall?

30

What type of cells do bones originate from?

chondroblasts

What organization examines and certifies forensic physical anthropologists at the postdoctoral level and provides oversight in professional conduct?

American Board of Forensic Anthropology

The skeleton is formed by the development and growth of what?

ossification centers

_____ paws are notoriously similar to human hands and feet.

bear

Where was the pivotal article on examining skeletal remains written by W.M. Krogman in 1939 published?

FBI Bulletin

"The structures of the skeletal system include the ____, the ____, and the ____."

bones, joints, ligaments

The physical record of a person's life as told by his or her bones is:

Osteobiography

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans inherit from their parents?

23

Which is true?

The angle of the femur to the pelvis is greater in females and straighter in males

Adults have how many bones?

206

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What do phosphorus and calcium do for bone?

Provide hardness

Who is considered one of the major founders of forensic anthropology in the U.S.?

Wilton Krogman

Why is DNA important?

Used for the study of genetic diseases

Can be used as forensic evidence

Geneaology studies

Why do children have more bones than adults?

Bones suture together as people mature

What is the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples?

Greater than finding nuclear DNA because mtDNA molecules are present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell

"You are provided with the tibia bone, that you have identified as belonging to a European female. The tibia is measured at a length of 38 cm. What is the estimated height of the person? (provide a range in centimeters"

168.07-175.39

"Forensic anthropology deals with the interpretation of ____ evidence, and the affect that lifestyle has on long-term human remains.

bone

Who was the victim in the first forensic anthropology case?

George Parkman

Who was the first criminal caught with DNA evidence?

Colin Pitchfork

____________ is the study of humans and non-human primates in their biological and evolutionary dimensions.

Physical anthropology

_________ is the study of the cultural variation among humans and human culture.

Sociocultural anthropology

_______ is the study of anthropology as it applies to human and skeletal remains in a legal setting.

Forensic anthropology

What are bands of tissue that connect two or more bones?

ligaments

How many loci have been selected as the standard in the United States?

13

What is/are associated female traits?

broad and shallow sciatic notch

u shaped subpubic angle

well-developed ventral arc

What is the name for a severe decline in bone density?

osteoporosis

What is the term defined as the difference in size and shape of the sexes?

Sexual dimorphism

The forensic anthropology report is recommended to consist of what components?

Chain of custody and description of trauma

Taphonomic assessment and biological profile

Identification characteristics and interpretations

What type of testing can unambiguously deterine what a male has contributed in a mixed sample?

Y-STR typing

What is a legally acceptable technique to provide positive identification?

Identifiable medical apparatus

Fingerprints

Dental records

In what year was the first successful court case using forensic anthropology prosecuted?

1897

What cranial suture goes over the crown of the head?

coronal suture

What percentage of human genomic DNA codes for proteins?

3

Name all of the bones that can be used to determine height.

femur

tibia

fibula

radius

ulna

humerus

"Rather than using the skull, the ____ is a better bone to use to determine the sex of a skeleton."

pelvis

What is the environment and immediate surrounding of the bones called?

taphonomic context

Which of these is indicative of a male pelvis?

a triangular pelvis

"You find a skeleton with the head of the humerus fused, the hdad of the femur fused to shaft and condoyles joined to shaft of femur, llium, ischium and pubis fully ossified, and lamboidal suture open. How old was this person when he died?"

20

Bones are connected together by:

ligaments

Which of these is commonly known as the growth plate?

Epiphysis

When did Thomas Dwight write his famous anthropology paper?

1878

What are the three main components of DNA?

"Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base"

When does the lamboida suture BEGIN closing?

Age 21

"What is the study of humans and non-human primates in their bilogical, evolutionary, and demographic dimensions?

Forensic anthropology

"All humans have the same number of bones, regardless of sex, race or age."

FALSE

How many teeth do most human adults have?

32

The concept known as _________ refers to different agents of bone modification producing similar types of damage

equifinality

The steps in copying DNA are

"Obtain a sequence of double-stranded DNA, split into separate strands, synthesize new complements"

"What is the study of the molecular mechanisms of bone development, regeneration, remodeling, and degeneration associated with age and pathology?"

osteobiology

Children have approximately how many separate bones?

405

When did the Luetgert murder case take place?

1897

What does protein collagen do for bone?

provides flexibility

What is the process in which a probe along with a radioactive label is bound to DNA fragments?

Hybridization

How often does adult stature change?

throughout the day

A mark produced by four or five adjacent teeth and the same arch is an _________.

arch mark

Which is true about a forensic odontologist?

Must have a DDS

What keeps your teeth from falling out of your head?

Cementium

Secondary dentin is most noticeable:

in the pulp cavity

A 2 year old has how many teeth (usually)?

20

________ is wearing away of the tooth surface

attrition

Which of the following is NOT part of latent fingerprint development using fingerprint powders?

Try to get as much of the brush as possible in contact with the print

Which type of print pattern occurs in about 5% of prints?

Arch

Which of the following is a type of substrate that can be used with powder development techniques?

Non-porous

Why isn't the Lamendin method used to age living people?

The teeth must be disarticulated from the jaw

What is an example of a semi-porous substrate?

treated paper

What case is significant for fingerprints as it's the first official case to integrate fingerprints as evidence in America?

People v Jennings

Which antibiotic becomes incorporated in the mineralization of teeth and bone?

Tetracycline

Which of these is the best source of DNA in a decomposed body?

teeth

Which development technique is used on currently or previously wet substrates?

Small particle reagent

The court case People v. ____ is considered to be the first conviction obtained with fingerprint evidence alone in the United States.

People v. Crispi

Who instituted the routine fingerprinting of known criminals to ensure that the criminal himself carried out the jail sentence, rather than someone hired to serve time?"

William James Herschel

"What is the term for the "hills" found in the pattern of friction ridge skin?

Ridges