Non Fermenter Part 3

Lawsonia intracellularis Gram stain

Slender curved Gram-negative rod

Oxygen requirement of Lawsonia intracellularis

Microaerophilic

Lawsonia intracellularis is

Obligate intracellular bacterium

Growth of Lawsonia intracellularis occurs only in

Cell culture

Lawsonia intracellularis causes

Proliferative enteropathy of pigs

Most susceptible pigs to Lawsonia intracellularis

Post-weaning and young fattening pigs

Lawsonia intracellularis grows in

Ileal crypt cells

Effect of Lawsonia intracellularis on crypt cells

Proliferative growth (hyperplasia)

Most severely affected intestinal region

Terminal ileum

Clinical signs of proliferative enteropathy

Abdominal pain arched back diarrhea and dehydration

Characteristic lesion of proliferative enteropathy

Thickened intestinal mucosa

Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy occurs most commonly in

Older pigs

Characteristic lesion of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Thickened intestinal mucosa with bleeding into the intestinal lumen

Case-fatality rate of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Approximately 50%

Characteristic gross lesion of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Corrugated mucosa with blood clots in the ileum

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis occurs in

Pigs younger than 12 weeks

Lesions of porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Thickening of the terminal ileum and upper large intestine

Clinical signs of porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Anorexia and wasting followed by recovery

Necrotic enteritis occurs in

Pigs younger than 12 weeks

Necrotic enteritis is characterized by

Proliferative mucosal changes that become necrotic

Clinical outcome of necrotic enteritis

Sudden death

Characteristic lesion of necrotic enteritis

Fibrinonecrotic enteritis

Regional ileitis occurs in

Pigs younger than 12 weeks

Nickname for regional ileitis

Hosepipe gut

Why is regional ileitis called hosepipe gut?

Intestine becomes rigid due to muscular hypertrophy

Lesions of regional ileitis

Muscular hypertrophy with inflammation of the submucosa and lamina propria

Major complication of regional ileitis

Intestinal rupture and peritonitis

Outcome of intestinal rupture

Sudden death

Best clue for Lawsonia intracellularis

Intracellular curved Gram-negative rod causing proliferative enteropathy in post-weaning pigs

Francisella tularensis is classified as

Fastidious Gram-negative coccobacillus

Francisella tularensis is

Facultative intracellular bacterium

Francisella tularensis causes

Tularemia

Other names for tularemia

Rabbit fever and Deer fly fever

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is

Type A strain

Type A strain is endemic to

North America

Reservoirs of Type A strain

Land mammals

Virulence of Type A strain

Highly virulent

Type A strain produces

Citrulline ureidase

Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica is

Type B strain

Type B strain is endemic to

North America Europe and Asia

Reservoirs of Type B strain

Aquatic mammals

Virulence of Type B strain

Less virulent

Tularemia primarily affects

Wild mammals

Important wildlife hosts of tularemia

Rabbits and beavers

Other hosts of tularemia

Humans dogs cats and ruminants

Transmission of tularemia

Skin penetration arthropods inhalation and ingestion

Arthropod vectors of tularemia

Rabbit ticks wood ticks deer flies and black flies

Pathogenesis of tularemia

Septicemia and lymphadenitis

Characteristic lesions of tularemia

Pyogranulomatous lesions in multiple organs

Human forms of tularemia

Ulceroglandular pneumonic typhoidal oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal

Most common human form of tularemia

Ulceroglandular form

Other clinical signs of tularemia

Fever weakness cough dyspnea and prostration

Characteristic splenic lesion in feline tularemia

Enlarged spleen with multiple white to tan necrotic foci

Characteristic intestinal lesion in rabbit tularemia

Pyogranulomatous lesions in the intestine and lymph nodes

Characteristic liver lesion in rabbit tularemia

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

Characteristic intestinal lesion in beaver tularemia

Granulomatous enteritis with peritonitis

Characteristic liver lesion in beaver tularemia

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

Diagnosis of tularemia

Serology showing a fourfold increase in antibody titer between acute and convalescent samples

Treatment of tularemia

Gentamicin or doxycycline

Vaccine for tularemia

Attenuated vaccine

Prevention of tularemia

Avoid eating uncooked rabbit

Francisella tularensis is considered

A biological warfare agent

Best clue for Francisella tularensis

Rabbit fever transmitted by ticks and deer flies causing pyogranulomatous lesions and septicemia