Gynecological Cancers Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to gynecological cancers including definitions and important concepts crucial for understanding the subject matter.

Gynecological Cancer (CA)

Cancers that occur in the female reproductive system, including cervical, ovarian, endometrial, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

FIGO Staging System

A staging system for gynecological cancer determined by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, used to categorize the extent of disease.

Cervical Cancer

A type of cancer that forms in the cells of the cervix, often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

A virus that can cause skin and epithelial infections, some of which can lead to cancer, particularly cervical cancer.

Pap Smear

A screening procedure for cervical cancer that tests for the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix.

Ovarian Cancer

A type of cancer that originates in the ovaries, often diagnosed in advanced stages due to vague symptoms.

BRCA Mutation

Genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Endometrial Cancer

Cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, commonly associated with obesity and hormonal factors.

Screening Program

A systematic approach to testing populations for early signs of cancer, aimed at improving early detection and outcomes.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Early symptoms may include atypical vaginal bleeding and discharge; late symptoms may involve pelvic pain and changes in urinary or bowel habits.

Epidemiology of Ovarian Cancer

The study of the incidence and mortality rates of ovarian cancer, with significant variation between populations.

Vulvar Cancer

A rare type of cancer occurring on the external female genitalia, part of gynecological cancers.

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer

Include HPV infection, smoking, immunosuppression, and genetic predisposition.

CA-125

A blood marker often used to monitor ovarian cancer, but not suitable for screening due to low specificity.

Treatment Modalities

Different approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation used depending on the type and stage of gynecological cancer.