Chapt. 9 Quiz

Which mineral is the most abundant in the body, with 99% found in bones and teeth?

Calcium (Ca)

What is necessary to maintain blood calcium levels, bone growth, bone maintenance, and allows bone to adapt, strain, and repair the microscopic damage that occurs daily?

bone remodeling

a liquid substance that is capable of dissolving another substance

solvent

Water may move from the outside to the inside of cells and vice versa in a process called

osmosis

Which governmental agency regulates the quality of tap water?

FDA

USDA

EPA

CDC

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

Which factor enhances the absorption or bioavailability of minerals in the diet?

the presence of phytates

poor nutritional status

the presence of polyphenols

competition with other minerals

poor nutritional status

Poor nutritional status will allow the body to take in more of the lacking nutrient.

What mineral is found at the highest concentration inside cells?

calcium

potassium

sodium

chloride

potassium

Which nutrient plays a role in energy metabolism?

iron

zinc

manganese

phosphorus

phosphorus

Which factor may lead to dehydration?

kidney disease

illness characterized by fever and vomiting

consuming a diet high in fruits and vegetables

overconsumption of sodium in the diet

illness characterized by fever and vomiting

The free calcium that circulates in the blood is responsible for:

blood clotting.

bone health.

bone remodeling.

vitamin D concentrations.

blood clotting

Which food is NOT associated with reduced mineral absorption?

whole grains

orange juice

coffee and tea

certain vegetables

orange juice

Osteopenia leads to what condition?

osteoporosis

Hypercalcemia can cause what stones?

kidney stones

How much magnesium does the body have total? How much is found in bones?

25g …..50-60%

Too Much magnesium causes _____ & Too Little magnesium causes _____ (x3).

migraines…..nauseas, diarrhea, abd cramp

What is the 2nd most abundant mineral in our bodies?

phosphorus

Why is phosphorus so important?

acid-base balance

Which mineral is attached to other vitamins and then excreted via urine?

sulfur

There are 3 major electrolytes: ____. Why are they important?

sodium, potassium, & chloride….maintain fluid balance w/ help from kidneys, control blood, control urine levels x3

Of the 3 electrolytes, which are inside and which are outside?

potassium is inside & sodium/chloride is outside

NaCl represents _____. Na = ___% & Cl= ____%.

tablesalt (Na = 40 & Cl = 60%)

The AI level for NaCl is ____ per day . What is the CDRR?

1,500 mg per day ….2,300 mg

Potassium deficiency leads to medical conditions _____ & ______.

hypokalemia & abnormal heart rhythm

Too much potassium is rare & could only come from ______.

supplements

Chloride deficiency causes this medical condition ______ and this causes _______.

hyponatremia ….. brain swelling```