3rd quiz - functional plant morphology

Succulency:

roots, leaves, and stems can store water - if internodes between leaves are short, successive leaves will be partly enveloped by older leaves

Epiphite

Plant that lives on other plants - great way to access sunlight - inconsistant access to water and nutrients - CAM photosynthesis is common

Phorophyte

supporting plant of epiphyte

Hemiepiphyte:

germinates on phorophyte but contacts soil (strangling fig)

Holoepiphyte

Seeds germinate on phorophyte and stay (orchid)

Trichomes:

unicellular or multicellular epidermal hairs used for water water absorption

Why are succulents fleshy?

Salt tolerance, CAM photosynthesis (mallate) can be diillute

Parasitic plants

tissue directly penetrates host plant and absorbs nutrients

Hemioparasite

not completely dependent on host

Holoparasite

completely dependent on host for water, nutrients, photosynthesis - no organs for carbon sequestration

Haustorium

Physiological bridge between host and parasite

Succulence:

fleshiness or juciness due to water storage in plant tissues - in stems this can be primary or secondary

Cactus

only primary thickening - leaves subtending apical bud, grow under nurse plants, sympodial root system that shrinks to form space, leaf base always continues to expand - spines usually grow in clusters

Tubercle

Large persistant leaf base

Areole

bumps on cactus from which clusters of spines grow

Venus fly trap

turgor pressure causes cells to close

Vines

lot of internode expansion to little leaf expansion - can climb with root, shoot, tendril, leaf, grows to reach surface

Geophytes

plants that live more than 3 years whose renewal buds and/or storage reserves are below ground - usually found in areas with unfavorable conditions

Rhizome

Parallel growing underground shoot with long internodes - sympodial - made for storage

Corm

subterranean swollen upright stem with sort internodes, some storage

Tuber

fleshy, localized swelling, hypocotyl expanded

bulb

rossette shoot with storage in the leaf

Remoters

In axillary buds, stems emerge and become a bulb

Carnivorous plants

modified leaf blades, specialized hairs, lives in nitrogen deficient soils, pitcher plants have specialized enzyme digestive fluids

Aquatic Plants

reduced lignification and venation, aerenchyma, thin tissue, waxes, reduced hairiness, chloroplasts in epidermis, more asexual development