Organic Chemistry (Princeton Review)

MCAT Organic chemistry. Reading the book front to back and adding terms to this deck

Alkane

Alkene

Alkyne

Alkyl halide

Alcohol

Thiol

Ether

Epoxide

Phenol

Aldehyde

Ketone

Hemiacetal

Acetal

Cyanohydrin

Amine

Imine

Enamine

Carboxylic Acid

Acid Halide

Acid Anhydride

Ester

Lactone

Amide

Lacatm

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Isopropyl

Butyl

sec-Butyl

tert-Butyl

What is the purpose of extraction in lab techniques?

To separate one substance from a mixture by adding a solvent in which the wanted compound is soluble 

What happens in a liquid-liquid extraction?

A compound is placed in a solution and mixed with an immiscible second solvent, the mixture is then separated into two phases 

What is the distribution coefficient?

The ratio of a substances solubility in two different solvents 

What does Thin Layer Chromatography do?

Separates compounds based on polarity

In TLC, how does polarity affect movement on the plate?

The more polar = the slower it travels

The less polar = the quicker it travels

What is the Rf value in TLC?

The distance traveled by an individual component divided by the distance traveled by the solvent

What does Column Chromatography separate? 

Used to separate bulky compounds by polarity 

In Column Chromatography, how does polarity affect elution?

The more polar = the slower it is to elute

The less polar = the faster it is to elute

What does Ion Exchange Chromatography separate based on?

Separate ions based on charge, commonly separates proteins

In Cation Exchange, which ions leave first?

Positive ions leave first, negative ions remain in the column 

In Anion Exchange, which ions leave first?

Negative ions leave first, positive ions remain in the column 

What is High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)? 

An advance version of all chromatography techniques. 

In HPLC how does polarity affect elutions?

The more polar = the quicker to elute 

The less polar = the slower to elute

What does Size Exclusion Chromatography separate based on?

Separates based on size

In Size Exclusion Chromatography, which molecules elute fast/slow?

Larger molecules = elute faster 

Smaller molecules = elute slower 

What is Affinity Chromatography used for?

To purify proteins or nucleic acids based off specific interactions 

What is an Affinity Tag in Affinity Chromatography

A small molecular tag added to the N- or C- terminus of a protein 

What does Gas Chromatography separate?

The separation of compounds based on different volatiles

In Gas Chromatography, how does volatility affect elutioh?

The more volatile = faster elution 

The less volatile = slower elution 

In separation techniques, what is the purpose of distillation?

A technique to raise the temp of a liquid till it overcomes intermolecular forces, then condensing the vapor back into liquid separating based on boiling points

What is simple distillation used for?

Removing trace impurities from a pure compound or separating compounds with large differences in boiling points

What is Fractional Distillation used for?

Separating mixtures with a small difference in boiling points