Schizophrenia Lecture Notes

Flashcards about Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

A mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or negative symptoms.

Delusions

Unshakable theories or beliefs in something that is false and impossible despite evidence to the contrary.

Hallucinations

Sensing things while awake that appear to be real but have been created by the mind.

Nihilistic Delusion

Delusion whose theme centers on the non existence of the self or parts of the self.

Referential Delusions

When the person falsely believes that insignificant remarks, events, or objects in the environment have personal meaning or significance.

Erotomanic Delusions

When an individual believes that another person is in love with him or her.

Grandiose Delusion

Where an individual exaggerates his or her sense of self importance and is convinced that he or she has special powers, talents, or abilities.

Persecutory Delusions

Involve the theme of being followed, harassed, cheated, poisoned, drugged, conspired against, spied on, attacked, or being obstructed in the pursuit of goals.

Somatic Delusion

Delusion whose content pertains to bodily functioning, bodily sensations, or physical appearance.

Prodromal Symptoms

Milder forms of hallucinations or delusions that precede a psychotic episode.

Dopamine and Glutamate

Neurotransmitters that allow communication between nerve cells.

Ventricular Enlargement

Fluid filled cavities at the center of the brain

Mental Status Examination

A test that uses observation and questions to evaluate several domains of mental function including speech, emotional expression, thinking, and perception as well as cognitive functions.

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

The most widely used and researched standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology.

Psychotherapy

Used to maintain the individual on their medication and learn needed social skills with people who have Schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic Medications

Help to normalize the biochemical imbalances that cause schizophrenia and are important to reducing the likelihood of relapse.

Traditional Antipsychotics

Effectively control the hallucinations, delusions, and confusion of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors.

New Antipsychotics

They affect both the serotonin and dopamine receptors, thereby treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

Drug induced movement disorders.

Tardive Dyskinesia

Sudden uncontrollable movements of voluntary muscle groups.

Akathisia

Shifting weight from one foot to the other, walking in place, foot shuffling, leg swinging, or repeated leg crossing

Dystonia

The spasms associated are generally onset in one localized area of the body such as the face or the neck.

Anticholinergics

Medications that block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Clubhouse or Lodge

A place where individuals who have mental illness converge together on a regular basis daily and have responsibilities there.

Social Skills Training

Super important to help folks be able to engage and develop relationships and to keep those relationships going.

Delusion

False beliefs contradicting reality, often a symptom of schizophrenia.

Hallucination

Sensory experiences without real external stimuli, linked to schizophrenia.

Disorganized Speech

Positive symptom in which a patient's speech is difficult to follow.

Negative Symptoms

Lack of emotional expression or motivation, characteristic of schizophrenia.

Neurotransmitter Imbalance

A possible cause of schizophrenia involving imbalances in brain chemicals.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder often confused with multiple personality disorder.

Nihilistic Delusion (Definition 2)

False belief that the world, oneself, or others do not exist.

Delusions of Reference

A delusion where the individual knows that they are receiving messages.

Erotomanic Delusion (Definition 2)

A delusion where someone may believe that a celebrity is in love with them.

Grandiose Delusion (Definition 2)

Delusion of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person

Persecutory Delusion (Definition 2)

Believing that you are being followed or somehow attacked by somebody.

Somatic Delusion (Definition 2)

That you have physical symptoms or abnormalities that you don't actually have.

Prodromal Symptoms (Definition 2)

Early symptoms or signs that could indicate to Schizophrenia.

Neurotransmitters (Definition 2)

Chemical messengers in the brain that may be imbalanced in schizophrenia.

Ventricular Enlargement (Definition 2)

Enlarged ventricles in the brain, sometimes found in schizophrenia patients.

Mental Status Examination (Definition 2)

Assessment of a patient's mental state through observation and questioning.

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) (Definition 2)

A psychological test used to measure adult personality and psychopathology.

Psychotherapy (Definition 2)

A therapeutic approach for people with schizophrenia to work through their feelings.

Antipsychotic Medications (Definition 2)

Medications used to manage the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Traditional Antipsychotics (Definition 2)

Older antipsychotics that primarily block dopamine receptors for positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Newer Antipsychotics (Definition 2)

Newer antipsychotics affecting both serotonin and dopamine receptors.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) (Definition 2)

Movement disorders caused by antipsychotic drugs.

Tardive Dyskinesia (Definition 2)

Sometimes a side effect of medications that caused uncontrollable movements.

Akathisia (Definition 2)

Restlessness and the inability to sit still.

Dystonia (Definition 2)

Muscle spasms that can be caused by antipsychotic medications.

Anticholinergics (Definition 2)

Medications can block the action of neurotransmitters, specifically acetylcholine.

Clubhouse or Lodge (Definition 2)

Community center and a place where patients in recovery for Scizophrenia can gather.

Social Skills Training (Definition 2)

Training to help individuals improve social interactions and build relationships.

Delusions (Simplified Definition)

False beliefs that are firmly held despite contradictory evidence.

Hallucinations (Simplified Definition)

Seeing or hearing things that are not there.

Disorganized Speech (Simplified Definition)

Speech that is difficult to follow because thoughts jump between topics.

Negative Symptoms (Simplified Definition)

Reduced expression of emotions, lack of motivation, and social withdrawal.

Neurotransmitter Imbalance (Simplified Definition)

Imbalances of dopamine and glutamate in the brain.

Schizophrenia (Simplified Definition)

A mental disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave clearly.

Nihilistic Delusion (Simplified Definition)

The false belief that parts of oneself, others, or the world do not exist.

Delusions of Reference (Simplified Definition)

The belief that insignificant things have personal and special meaning.

Erotomanic Delusion (Simplified Definition)

The belief that another person is in love with you.

Grandiose Delusion (Simplified Definition)

Exaggerated belief in one's own importance or abilities.

Persecutory Delusion (Simplified Definition)

The belief that one is being followed, harassed, or conspired against.

Somatic Delusion (Simplified Definition)

False beliefs about bodily functions or sensations.

Prodromal Symptoms (Simplified Definition)

Early signs and symptoms that may precede a full psychotic episode.

Neurotransmitters (Simplified Definition)

Chemicals in the brain that help transmit signals between nerve cells.

Ventricular Enlargement (Simplified Definition)

Enlarged fluid-filled spaces in the brain.

Mental Status Examination (Simplified Definition)

Assessment of a person's mental state through questioning and observation.

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) (Simplified Definition)

A psychological test used to assess personality and mental health.

Psychotherapy (Simplified Definition)

Therapy to help individuals cope with their condition and improve well-being.

Antipsychotic Medications (Simplified Definition)

Medications used to manage the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Traditional Antipsychotics (Simplified Definition)

Older antipsychotics that primarily block dopamine.

Newer Antipsychotics (Simplified Definition)

Newer antipsychotics that affect both serotonin and dopamine.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) (Simplified Definition)

Movement disorders caused by antipsychotic medications.

Tardive Dyskinesia (Simplified Definition)

Involuntary, repetitive movements caused by long-term use of antipsychotics.

Akathisia (Simplified Definition)

Restlessness and an inability to stay still.

Dystonia (Simplified Definition)

Muscle spasms caused by antipsychotic medications.

Anticholinergics (Simplified Definition)

Medications that block the action of acetylcholine.

Clubhouse or Lodge (Simplified Definition)

A supportive community for individuals with mental illness.

Social Skills Training (Simplified Definition)

Training to improve social skills and develop relationships.