Recording-2025-02-27T17:36:44
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16 Terms
Diploid
A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, represented as 2n (e.g., humans have 46 chromosomes).
Haploid
A cell or organism that has one set of chromosomes, represented as n (e.g., gametes such as sperm and egg cells, which have 23 chromosomes in humans).
Zygote
The fertilized egg that results from the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell, which is diploid (2n).
Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.
Autosomes
The 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans that do not determine sex, as opposed to sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Sex Chromosomes
The chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an individual (X and Y in humans).
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (diploid).
Meiosis
A specialized type of cell division that produces haploid gametes (sperm and egg), involving two rounds of cell division and genetic recombination.
Crossing Over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, leading to genetic variation.
Independent Assortment
The random arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis, resulting in genetic variation.
Alleles
Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome, contributing to genetic diversity.
Gametes
Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that are haploid and unite during fertilization to form a zygote.
Menopause
The time in a woman's life when she ceases to produce eggs, marking the end of her reproductive years.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome that are connected by a centromere; they are formed during DNA replication.
Genetic Variation
The diversity in gene frequencies among individuals within a population, generated through meiosis and sexual reproduction.
Locus
The specific physical location of a gene or a significant sequence on a chromosome.