Chapter 5: North & West European Americans

The expulsion of religious dissident Roger Williams from the Massachusetts colony led to the founding in 1639 of which denomination in Rhode Island?

A) Methodist

B) Baptist

C) Quaker

D) Seventh-day Adventist

B) Baptist

During the colonial period, one of the most frequent causes of social problems was __________.

A) nationality

B) religion

C) race

D) social class

B) Religion

The civic culture included strong beliefs in __________.

A) Protestantism

B) Socialism

C) Evangelicalism

D) Communism

A) Protestantism

Who made up 18.9% of the U.S. population in 1790?

A) English

B) Irish

C) Native Americans

D) Africans

D) Africans

Federalist action toward the increasing foreign-born population took the form of __________.

A) expulsion

B) job discrimination

C) legislative actions

D) spatial segregation

C) legislative actions

Emerson tried to combat the __________ movement by appealing to the "smelting pot" concept.

A) immigration

B) nativist

C) ethnocentric

D) patriot

B) Nativist

Anxiety mounted between 1820 and 1860 because new German and Irish immigrants were __________.

A) Catholic

B) Americanized

C) illegal aliens

D) violent

A) Catholic

Following 1820, shipmasters were required to __________.

A) file a directional plan

B) announce their ship's arrival

C) submit a passenger list to custom officials

D) expose passengers to the English language

C) Submit a passenger list to custom officals

The Know-Nothing movement of the 1850s illustrates __________.

A) acceptance

B) avoidance

C) political apathy

D) xenophobia

D) xenophobia

Which former president sought to return to office on the Know-Nothing ticket?

A) Millard Fillmore

B) James Adams

C) Thomas Jefferson

D) George Winfield Scott

A) Millard Fillmore

The first European colonists were characterized by __________.

A) the necessity to survive

B) religious diversity

C) anti-British sentiments

D) a criminal background

A) the necessity to survive

Many Federalists believed that the large foreign-born population was the root of all evil in the United States. This is __________.

A) religious persecution

B) economic opportunity

C) scapegoating

D) resistance to assimilation

C) Scapegoating

Most immigrant groups were forced to live in substandard housing. What was a typical response of dominant society?

A) Condemnation of the immigrants for living as they did

B) Attempts to address structural causes of the immigrant squalor

C) A sense of ethnic solidarity

D) Taking in immigrants as adopted families

A) Condemnation of the immigrants for living as they did

To what country did the Pilgrims first flee after leaving England?

A) Denmark

B) Sweden

C) Holland

D) Spain

C) Holland

Nineteenth-century British immigrants __________.

A) experienced widespread anti-British hostility

B) were the object of much ridicule on the vaudeville stage

C) clustered together in ethnic subcommunities

D) did not always like America, and many returned home

D) did not always like America, and many returned home

Margaret's departure from her homeland to the United States filled her with hope and anxiety, illustrating how the transition to a new land is a(n) __________ decision.

A) emotional

B) easy

C) coerced

D) logical

A) Emotional

Arriving in a new destination with an unfamiliar cultural context can jolt one's world of reality. This jolt is known as __________.

A) xenophobia

B) culture shock

C) amalgamation

D) assimilation

B) culture shock

Between 1820 and 2011, about how many British people moved to the United States?

A) 2 million

B) 2.9 million

C) 5.5 million

D) 18.5 million

C) 5.5 million

Which sport did colonists import from Holland?

A) Bowling

B) Kolf

C) Sailing

D) Cricket

B) Kolf

The __________ has its origins in the Dutch religious separatists.

A) Lutheran Church

B) Christian Reformed Church

C) Catholic Church

D) Baptist Church

B) Christian Reformed Church

New Amsterdam offers an early example of __________.

A) a pluralistic society

B) anti-Semitism

C) rigid social control

D) ethnocentrism

A) a pluralistic society

Which Louisiana city is identified as essentially "the Cajun capital"?

A) New Orleans

B) Baton Rouge

C) Shreveport

D) Lafayette

D) Lafayette

__________ is one of the French population segments identified in the text.

A) Descendants of the conquistadores

B) Migrants from African colonies

C) Migrants from the Asian Expulsion

D) Settlers in Louisiana

D) Settlers in Louisiana

New England French Canadians and Louisiana French illustrate __________.

A) amalgamation

B) attempts to assimilate

C) convergent subcultures

D) persistent subcultures

D) Persistent Subcultures

__________ has contributed the greatest number of immigrants to the United States.

A) France

B) England

C) Germany

D) Ireland

C) Germany

Germany has contributed __________ immigrants to the United States since 1820.

A) 500,000

B) 2.2 million

C) 4.8 million

D) 7.3 million

D) 7.3 million

Approximately __________ million Americans trace at least some of their family to Germany.

A) 5 million

B) 7.3 million

C) 29 million

D) 47.4 million

D) 47.4 million

Early German immigrants settled in __________.

A) New York

B) Maryland

C) Pennsylvania

D) Delaware

C) Pennsylvania

The "German Triangle" consisted of Cincinnati, Milwaukee and __________.

A) Philadelphia

B) Chicago

C) St. Louis

D) Green Bay

C) St. Louis

Franklin was opposed to the large German population in Pennsylvania because __________.

A) many were Mennonites and pacifists

B) they were racist

C) they had little knowledge of American customs

D) he worried they would overrun government elections

D) He worried they would overrun government elections

__________ was/were a source of controversy for German Turnvereine.

A) Social-welfare legislation

B) Abortion rights

C) Prostitution

D) Temperance unions

A) Social-welfare legislation

The nineteenth-century German immigrants were __________.

A) diverse in religion, occupation, and area of residence

B) mostly lumberjacks living in the Midwest

C) mostly political refugees living in the eastern cities

D) mostly Sephardic Jews

A) diverse in religion, occupation, and area of residence

Which push factor was responsible for the majority of German immigrants?

A) Religion

B) Economic

C) Political

D) Psychological

C) Political

__________ was a characteristic that helped mark many Irish as outsiders in the United States.

A) Religion

B) Urban culture

C) Small population

D) Rebelliousness against Americans

A) Religion

Arguing against the nativist position in 1852, a Massachusetts senator argued that the __________.

A) nativists were being bigoted

B) Irish should be recognized as a superior race

C) Irish were inferior and therefore they lift up everyone else

D) nativists needed to recognize that they, too, were once immigrants

C) Irish were inferior and therefore they lift up everyone else

__________ was a societal reaction to the Irish presence in the nineteenth-century.

A) Higher taxation

B) Massive job creation

C) Expulsion from certain cities

D) The burning of Irish Catholic houses of worship

D) The burning of Irish Catholic houses of worship

__________ was a way that the Irish responded to hostilities toward them in the United States.

A) Intermarrying in high numbers in an effort to assimilate

B) Mobilizing political forces

C) Integrating themselves into federal government positions

D) Dispersing to different parts of various cities

B) Mobilizing political forces

Irish conflicts with Blacks, Chinese, and Germans all illustrate which theory?

A) Functionalism

B) Internal colonialism

C) Marginality

D) Split labor market

D) Split labor market

What was the nature of the attacks launched on immigrants by Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson, prior to World War I?

A) Immigrants were chided to stop being "hyphenated Americans".

B) Immigrants were accused of taking too many jobs from Americans.

C) Immigrants were accused of being responsible for a sharp increase in crime.

D) Too many immigrants were entering the country illegally.

A) Immigrants were chided to stop being "hyphenated Americans".

Between 1800 and 1840 the ratio of domestic servants per family __________.

A) doubled

B) was cut in half

C) tripled

D) fell to zero

A) double

One of the biggest real fears for women in the 1800s was __________.

A) doing agricultural work

B) living without a servant

C) having a husband die and no financial support

D) being burned as witches

C) having a husband die and no financial support

In the 19th century, women generally __________.

A) enjoyed a surprising amount of power over men

B) made great advances toward equality

C) had lives full of work and inequality

D) had very few rights, but also very few responsibilities

C) had lives full of work and inequality

The brutal working conditions of the Irish for low wages illustrates which theory?

A) Conflict

B) Functionalist

C) Interactionist

D) Internal colonialism

A) Conflict

Contrasts among Dutch, Quaker, and Puritan responses to cultural pluralism illustrate the __________ perspective.

A) conflict

B) functionalist

C) interactionist

D) split labor market

C) Interactionist

According to the functionalist viewpoint, which of the following might be considered the cause of temporary dysfunctions?

A) The diverse skill sets of newcomers

B) Lack of economic opportunities in the New World

C) The natural tendency of social interactions to result in long-term conflict

D) The inability of society to quickly absorb large numbers of Irish and Germans

D) The inability of society to quickly absorb large numbers of Irish and Germans

With regards to newcomers in the New World, conflict theorists would stress the __________.

A) New World's need for newcomers

B) English American need for newcomers

C) differing social interpretations of strangers

D) cooperative efforts between different ethnic groups

B) English American need for newcomers

The building of a society when large groups of people arrive to forge a civilization on undeveloped land is best understood with the __________ perspective.

A) conflict

B) functionalist

C) interactionist

D) internal colonialism

B) functionalist

The nation's inability to absorb quickly the large numbers of Germans and Irish, resulting in a temporary societal disruption, illustrates which theory?

A) Conflict

B) Functionalist

C) Interactionist

D) Split labor market

B) Functionalist

Federalist reaction to French and Irish immigrants illustrates which theory?

A) Conflict

B) Functionalist

C) Interactionist

D) Internal colonialism

A) Conflict

Protestant reaction to the large numbers of German Jews and Irish Catholics illustrates __________ theory.

A) conflict

B) functionalist

C) interactionist

D) internal colonialism

C) interactionist

True or Flase) Urban living conditions, particularly among the poor Irish immigrants, were substandard.

True

True or False) The Massachusetts Charter extended "liberty of conscience" to Protestants and Catholics alike.

False

True or False) During the Colonial Period religious differences caused social problems more frequently than nationality differences.

True

True or False) The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to encourage political activity by pro-French immigrants.

False

True or False) Push factors describe the motivation behind emigration to a new location.

True

True or False) The emergence of television in the 1950s accelerated the process of ethnogenesis.

True

True or False) The Federalists were strongly pro-French during the early stages of the French Revolution.

False

True or False) The Industrial Revolution brought rapid expansion to the New England factories.

True

True or False) Pretzels, kindergarten, and Pabst all were originated in the United States by German immigrants.

True

True or False) The large population of German immigrants added to rising tensions and violent confrontations.

True

The Pennsylvania Dutch are of __________ descent.

German

The Federalists attempted to limit all office-holding to the __________.

native-born

The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to discourage political activity by __________.

pro-French immigrants

When a person fears or dislikes a class or classes of immigrants who come from a different region of the world than their own ancestors, the problem is not prejudice toward immigrants in general but __________ because they dislike only those who are different from them.

xenophobia

The __________ and __________ make up the French communities in southern Louisiana.

Creoles, Acadians/Cajuns

Partially because of their strong command of the English language relative to other immigrants, the __________ were able to provide strong leadership for early labor movements in the U.S.

Irish

__________'s recruitment in Europe led to a large wave of Scots-Irish immigration to Pennsylvania.

William Penn

The __________ in the 1840s accelerated Irish emigration to the United States.

potato famine

While the Irish were active in labor issues, they were __________ in social interactions.

retreatist

When a group of people gains in terms of economics or social standing, they are experiencing __________ just as the Irish did in their early years in the United States.

upward mobility