Chapter 7 The Nervous System

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45 Terms

1
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
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2
What is the primary function of the neurons in the nervous system?
To carry electrical messages that coordinate the exchange of information between the body’s internal and external environment.
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3
What is the role of the neuroglia?
Specialized cells that separate, support, and protect neurons.
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4
What are the three layers of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
Dura mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater.
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5
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Controls involuntary muscles, smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands.
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6
What is the 'fight or flight' response associated with?
Sympathetic nervous system.
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7
What does TIA stand for?
Transient Ischemic Attack.
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8
What is the name for the coverings of the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges.
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9
What is the term for inflammation of the brain?
Encephalitis.
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10
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital.
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11
What is Alzheimer's disease classified as?
A degenerative, fatal condition involving atrophy of the cerebral cortex.
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12
What does the term 'aphasia' mean?
Loss of speech.
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13
What is the definition of cerebrovascular?
Pertaining to blood vessels in the brain.
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14
What is the role of neurotransmitters?
Chemicals that facilitate nerve transmission across synapses.
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15
What is the definition of myelin?
A white fatty material that provides protection and insulation for axons.
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16

What is the role of the brainstem?

Controls basic life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

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17

What is synapse?

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmission occurs.

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18

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Regulates homeostasis, including temperature control, hunger, and thirst.

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19

What are the types of neurons?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons.

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20

What does the term 'neuropathy' refer to?

Nerve damage or disease affecting the nervous system.

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21

What is the role of the spinal cord?

Transmits nerve signals between the brain and the body.

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22

What does PNS stand for?

Peripheral Nervous System.

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23

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

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24

What does the term 'homeostasis' mean in relation to the nervous system?

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

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25

What is Parkinson's disease?

A progressive disorder that affects movement and is characterized by tremors and rigidity.

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26

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and posture.

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27

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

Processes auditory information and is involved in memory and language.

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28

What does the term 'neuroplasticity' refer to?

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

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29

What is a reflex arc?

The neural pathway that controls a reflex action.

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30

What are neurotransmitter receptors?

Proteins on neuron surfaces that bind neurotransmitters to facilitate communication.

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31

What is the function of the thalamus?

Acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

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32

What does 'axon' refer to?

A long, thin structure that transmits impulses away from a neuron.

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33

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and facilitates interhemispheric communication.

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34

What is multiple sclerosis?

An autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheath of neurons, affecting communication.

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35

What are glial cells?

Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support and protect neurons.

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36

What is the function of the limbic system?

Regulates emotions, memory, and arousal.

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37

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Processes visual information.

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38

What does the term 'reflex' mean in terms of the nervous system?

An involuntary and rapid response to a stimulus.

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39

What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Connects the CNS to the limbs and organs.

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40

What are the types of glial cells?

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

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41

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

Involved in reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and emotional control.

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42

What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

An alteration in brain function caused by an external force.

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43

What is the term for the protective covering of the peripheral nerves?

Endoneurium.

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44

What is the association between the sensory cortex and sensory information?

The sensory cortex processes sensory input from the body.

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45

What are dopamine and serotonin classified as?

Neurotransmitters.

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