Teaching Exceptional Learners Unit 1

What is a zeitgeist?

The spirit of attitude of the time

What is John Locke known for?

Tabula Rosa (blank slate); learning from senses

What is Jean Rousseau known for?

People are inherently good; curiosity linked to learning

What is Jean-Marc Itard known for?

First person to use a strategy to work with a disabled person; teaching language through imitation

What is Edward Sequin known for?

Activity is the best means of learning; even a “defective” child has a spark of understanding

What is Thomas Gallaudet known for?

Established 1st residential school for the deaf in 1817

What is Samuel Howe known for?

Developed the first school for the blind

What is Louis Braille known for?

Created the Braille reading system

What was Dorothea Dix known for?

Humanitarian care for people in institutions; opened a school at age 14; was the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War

What was Friedrich Froebel known for?

Creator of kindergarten; importance of play; sensory development; children mimic plants

What was Alexander Graham Bell known for?

Opened a school for teachers of deaf students; looked for a technological approach to help deaf children

What was Maria Montessori known for?

Importance of self-directed activities; emphasis on disadvantaged children

What was Sigmund Freud known for?

Emotions influence our behavior;

What is Erik Erikson known for?

8 Stages of psychosocial development; we are a product of the time we live in

What was Urie Brondenbrenner known for?

Co-founder of Head Start; Ecological Systems theory

What was Abraham Maslow known for?

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs;

What is B.F. Skinner known for?

Behaviorism (ABA, ABC); Conditioning Students; All behaviors are learned

What does ABA stand for (B.F. Skinner)?

Applied Behavior Analysis

What does ABC stand for (B.F. Skinner)?

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

What is Jean Piaget known for?

Rate of development varies, but the sequence does not

What is Arnold Gesell known for?

Maturation/Readiness; Structure and function

What was Alfred Binet known for?

Commissed to develop first intelligence test in 1905

What was Lewis Terman known for?

Mental testing; revised Binet’s test; Added the concept of IQ

What year was the Nation Association for Re____ Citizens established?

1950

What year was Head Start established?

1965

What year did President Kennedy establish the President’s Commission on Mental Re____?

1963

What year was the Office of Special education developed?

1967

When was the Learning Disabilities Law (P.L. 91-320) passed?

1969

What year was the PARC Court decision passed?

1972

Explain the PARC case and its importance.

PARC vs. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ruled that states must provide free public education to disabled children.

In 1975, what important law was passed?

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142)

What year was the Gifted and Talented Children’s Education Act (P.L. 95-561) signed into place?

1978

What year was the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed (P.L. 101-336)?

1990

What year was the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) passed (P.L. 101-476)?

1990

What is P.L. 105-17 (passed in 1997)?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

What is P.L. 100-407?

Technology Related Assistance Act (1988)

What does P.L. 100-407 do?

Provide funds for state developed technology assistance projects and provide access to technology, training, and technical assistance

What is P.L. 101-336?

Americans with Disabilities Act

When was P.L. 101-336 (ADA) passed?

1990

What are the exceptions to the ADA law?

Historical sites and churches

What is ADA Title I?

Employment: Employers may not discriminate and must reasonably accommodate the disabilities

What is ADA Tittle II?

Public Services: State and local governments can not discriminate, new construction and existing facifacilitieslites must be accessible

What is ADA Title III?

Accommodations: Public offices, businesses, stores, schools, etc. may not discriminate, and reasonable accommodations must be maintained

What is ADA Title IV?

Telecommunications: Telephone companies must provide telecommunications relay services

When was No Child Left Behind (NCLB) created?

2001

What does the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) do?

Requires schools to use evidence-based practices

What does low incidents mean?

Students who are blind, deaf, physically disabled. Not as common

What does high incident mean?

Students with LD, ED, behavioral disorders, Speech/language disabilities

What is mainstreaming?

Teaching special needs students, in a general education classroom.

What is service delivery?

Delivery of service