Neural tube defects

Define neural tube defect

Neural tube fails to close or form properly

Most common NTD

Spina bifida

Anencephaly

Acrania

2 types of

Anencephaly

Exencephaly

Anencephaly

No brain and cranium

Exencephaly

Normal amount of brain with no skull

Spina bifida

Failure on neural tube to close causing a gap between vertebrae (splaying)

Types of Spina bifida

Occulta

Aperta

Occulta

No herniation with intact skin

Aperta

Meningocele

Myelomeningocele

Meningocele

Herniation of meninges with spinal cord in tact

Fluid filled cystic appearance

Myelomeningocele

Herniation of meninges and nerve roots commonly in the lumbarsacral area

Most common Spina bifida

Myelomeningocele

(Aperta)

Open defects

Elevated AFP

Acrania

Spina bifida Aperta

Arnold- chairi ll malformation

Presence of an open Spina bifida pulling down on spinal contents

Key findings with arnold-chiari

Lemon shaped head

Banana shaped cerebellum

Obliterated cisterna manga

Cephalocele/ Encephalocele

Herniation of inter cranial stuff through opening in the skull

Most common location of cephalocele/ encephalocele

Occipital location

Closed defects

Iniencephaly

Spina bifida Occulta

Iniencephaly

Hyperextension on the neck

Stargazer