Milady - Chapter 6 Chemistry & Safety

carcinogen

substance that causes cancer

Salt water solution

Salt is the solute and water is the solvent

matter

Which of the following is defined as any substance that occupies space and has weight?

The hydrogen ion

To which of the following do all acids owe their chemical reactivity?

What is the overexposure principle used to describe?

How overexposure determines toxicity

adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

A reducing agent _.

No two should be stored next to each other.

Which of the following is TRUE of products that are incompatible?

Acid

alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and_

Hazard Identification

In the uniform order of the SDS, _ comes immediately after the first category of "Identification."

the production of heat and light

During combustion of a substance, _ accompanies the rapid oxidation.

Because it is a requirement of OSHA

f you were the owner of the local spa, why would it be so important that you insist that for every chemical used there is an SDS available?

_ is an example of a compound molecule.

Exposed metal rusting

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replaced the _.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

What are solutions?

They are stable mixtures

Understanding pH is important for the esthetician because _.

it affects the hair, skin, and nails

A solvent is any _.

substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

_ for the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons or spas.

Most states and counties do not have regulations in place

Of all the elements known to science today, _ occur naturally on Earth.

98

16

How many categories are all SDSs are formatted into?

Hydrogen peroxide should never be mixed with bleach because _.

it creates a potentially deadly gas

basic unit of matter

atom

Chemical combinations of two or more atoms

molecule

element

Simplest form of chemical matter

_ is an example of chemical property or change.

Burning wood , Hair lightening

_ is an example of physical property or change.

Boiling point , Density , Ice melting , Hardness , Odor , Solubility , Weight

_ are properties of a physical mixture.

salt water, pure air, concrete, and powders, mixed in any proportion

pure substances

oxygen, aluminum, and gold

_ are properties of chemical compounds.

water, salt, and ammonia

Solute

Substance that is dissolved in a solution

surfactant

Substance that allows oil and water to mix

solution

Stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

solvent

Substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution

Suspension

Unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid

Contain carbon and evaporate very easily

volatile organic compounds

Ammonia

Colorless gas with a pungent odor

Glycerin

Sweet, colorless, oily substance

exothermic reaction

An example of a(n) __ is the heat produced after mixing the activator and waving lotion in a permanent wave product.

A(n) is a _ reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time.

redox; chemical

Which category on the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) indicates the ingredients of the product, as well as the concentrations used in mixtures and when chemicals have been withheld due to a trade secret?

Composition

pictograms

There are nine accepted __ that are used in Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

accidental release measures

The __ category on the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provides instructions for proper cleanup of a spill, as well as which protective equipment is needed.

Acidic solution

A solution that has a pH below 7

Alkaline solution

A solution that has a pH above 7

Alpha Hydroxy acids

acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Ammonia 

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Anion 

an ion with a negative electrical charge 

Cation

an ion with a positive electrical charge

Electrons

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

Element

The simplest form of chemical matter; an ______ cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity 

Emulsifier

an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

Endothermic reaction

chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur

Exothermic reaction

chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat

Glycerin

sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Hydrophilic

Capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

Immiscible

liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form a stable solution

Ion

an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge 

Ionization

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

Lipophilic

having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

Sodium hydroxide

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye