SAC 6 Sleep Revision

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering sleep concepts, physiological measurements, biological rhythms, lifespan differences, sleep deprivation effects, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, sleep hygiene, and scientific research methodologies.

Sleep is broadly categorised as a naturally occurring altered state of consciousness and is further divided into __________ and NREM sleep.

REM

Objective measurement of electrical activity of the brain through brainwaves is performed using __________.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Objective measurement of electrical activity of muscles in the body is recorded using __________.

electromyography (EMG)

Objective measurement of electrical activity of muscles responsible for eye movement is recorded using __________.

electro-oculography (EOG)

Beta brainwaves are associated with normal waking consciousness and exhibit the highest frequency and __________ amplitude.

lowest

Delta brainwaves have the lowest frequency and highest amplitude, which are characteristic of deep __________ sleep.

N3

Biological rhythms that follow a cycle of less than 24 hours, such as 90-minute sleep cycles, are called __________ rhythms.

ultradian

Biological rhythms that follow a 24-hour cycle involving changes in bodily functions are called __________ rhythms.

circadian

When the eyes detect low light, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) sends an __________ message to the pineal gland to release more melatonin.

excitatory

When the eyes detect bright light, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) sends an __________ message to the pineal gland to release less melatonin.

inhibitory

During NREM sleep, the body replenishes and recovers, whereas during REM sleep, the __________ replenishes and recovers.

mind

Newborns aged 0 to 3 months spend __________ of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

$$50\%$$

Adolescents experience a delayed release of melatonin by approximately __________ hours, which may delay sleep onset.

$$2$$

Being awake for 17 to 19 hours produces affective and cognitive effects similar to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reading of __________.

$$0.05\%$$

Being awake for 24 hours produces affective and cognitive effects similar to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reading of __________.

$$0.10\%$$

Sleep deprivation tends to negatively impact performance on __________ tasks, while performance on complex tasks remains relatively unimpaired.

simple

To treat Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS), bright light therapy is administered early in the __________ to shift the circadian rhythm earlier.

morning

To treat Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD), bright light therapy is administered in the early __________ to delay the circadian rhythm.

evening

External, environmental cues that help regulate or resynchronise the body's circadian rhythm are known as __________.

zeitgebers

A non-experimental study that determines the relationship between variables without manipulation of variables is called a __________ study.

correlational

A consistent difference between the recorded value and the true or expected value that reduces accuracy is called a __________ error.

systematic

An unpredictable and inconsistent difference between the recorded value and the true or expected value that lowers precision is called a __________ error.

random

Mistakes, miscalculations, and observer errors made by the experimenter are classified as __________ errors.

personal

The extent to which a study measures what it claims to be measuring is defined as __________ validity.

internal

The extent to which the results of a study can be applied to similar individuals in different settings is defined as __________ validity.

external