Chapter 5: Dynamic Cell

Energy

capacity to do work

Two basic forms of energy

Potential & Kinetic

Potential Energy

Stored energy

Kinetic Energy

energy of motion

Calorie

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degrees Celsius

Kilocalorie/calorie

1,000 calories

value listed on food packages

Energy Laws

Conservation of Energy & 2nd law of thermodynamics

Conservation of Energy Law

energy can be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can not be changed from one form to another without loss of usable energy.

Entropy

relative amount of disorganization

ATP Cycle

Plasma Membrane

regulates traffic in and out of a cell.

selectively permable

Passive Transport

substances move from higher to lower concentration, no additional energy is required.

Active Transport

substances move from lower to higher concentration, additional energy is required

Bulk Transport

movement independent of gradients, additional energy is required

Osmosis

the spontaneous movement of water (or another solvent) across a semipermeable membrane, moving from an area of higher water concentration (low solute) to an area of lower water concentration (high solute)

Isotonic Solution

no net gain/loss of water

concentration of water is same on both side

Hypotonic Solution

Concentration of water outside cell is greater than inside of cell

cell gains water, swell

Hypertonic Solution

has a higher concentration of solutes (like salt or sugar) compared to another solution

water moves out of cell (shrinks)

Exocytosis

movement out of cell

Endocytosis

movement into cell

Phogocutosis

Cell surrounds, engulfs and digests particle.

Pinocytosis

Vesicle forms around liquid or small particles

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

receptors for particular substances found in coated pit.