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microevolution
generation-to-generation change in allele frequency within population
gene pool
all alleles that make up population
reservoir from which next gen gets genes and where variation is stored
sources of variation
mutation and sexual reproduction
how is mutation source of variation
example of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
how is sexual reproduction a source of variation
recombination of existing alleles
hardy-weinberg equlibrium
populations that dont undergo changes to gene pool are in this condition
conditions of hardy-weinberg equilibrium
random mating
large gene pool
no migration
no mutations
no natural selection
mechanisms of microevolution
natural selection
sexual selection
artificial selection
genetic drift
gene flow
which mechanisms of microevolution are random
genetic drift and gene flow
natural selection mechanism of microevolution
environment increases frequency of alleles that provide reproductive advantages
types of natural selection
stabilizing, directional, and disruptive
stabilizing selection
individuals near middle of phenotype range have highest frequency
directional selection
individuals at one end of range have higher fitness
disruptive selection
upper and lower region of phenotype have higher fitness
aka diversifying selection
sexual selection mechanism of microevolution
individuals of population select traits instead of environment
artificial selection mechanism of microevolution
not random bc humans pick traits and breed organisms
genetic drift
change in gene pool due to chance
types of genetic drift
bottleneck effect and founder effect
bottleneck effect
disaster drastically reduces population size and its gene pool
reduces ability to adapt to environmental change
founder effect
few individuals colonize new island
the smaller the colony, the less representative it is of the og population
gene flow mechanism of microevolution
exchange of genes with other population
mvmt of genes disrupts equilibrium
kin selection
behaviours that sacrifice own reproductive success and/or survival to help the survival and reproduction of close relatives in effort to pass down shared genes