Microevolution

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22 Terms

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microevolution

generation-to-generation change in allele frequency within population

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gene pool

  • all alleles that make up population

  • reservoir from which next gen gets genes and where variation is stored

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sources of variation

mutation and sexual reproduction

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how is mutation source of variation

example of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

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how is sexual reproduction a source of variation

recombination of existing alleles

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hardy-weinberg equlibrium

populations that dont undergo changes to gene pool are in this condition

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conditions of hardy-weinberg equilibrium

  • random mating

  • large gene pool

  • no migration

  • no mutations

  • no natural selection

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mechanisms of microevolution

  • natural selection

  • sexual selection

  • artificial selection

  • genetic drift

  • gene flow

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which mechanisms of microevolution are random

genetic drift and gene flow

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natural selection mechanism of microevolution

environment increases frequency of alleles that provide reproductive advantages

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types of natural selection

stabilizing, directional, and disruptive

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stabilizing selection

individuals near middle of phenotype range have highest frequency

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directional selection

individuals at one end of range have higher fitness

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disruptive selection

  • upper and lower region of phenotype have higher fitness

  • aka diversifying selection

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sexual selection mechanism of microevolution

individuals of population select traits instead of environment

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artificial selection mechanism of microevolution

not random bc humans pick traits and breed organisms

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genetic drift

change in gene pool due to chance

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types of genetic drift

bottleneck effect and founder effect

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bottleneck effect

  • disaster drastically reduces population size and its gene pool

  • reduces ability to adapt to environmental change

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founder effect

  • few individuals colonize new island

  • the smaller the colony, the less representative it is of the og population

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gene flow mechanism of microevolution

  • exchange of genes with other population

  • mvmt of genes disrupts equilibrium

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kin selection

behaviours that sacrifice own reproductive success and/or survival to help the survival and reproduction of close relatives in effort to pass down shared genes