CPL 1

Chemical Technology

It takes into account principles of ChE and applies at industrial

scale to produce chemicals

• Based on nature of chemicals produced, it can be grouped as:

• Organic Chemical Technology

• Inorganic Chemical Technology

Edible oils

Compounds based on long chain fatty acids and esters such as

glycerides

• Derivatives such as glycerin, long chain fatty alcohols, sulfates and

sulfonates

• Products of these compounds are used for food, sanitation,

polymers and in paint industry

Soap

Compounds of type R∙COO∙M where R∙COO∙ is fatty acid radical

representing oleic, stearic, palmitic, lauric and myristic

Detergents

These are synthetic organic chemicals; however, discussed under

natural products industries because of competitive position with soaps

• Promote better surface tension, lowering than soaps

• Types: anionic, cationic, non-ionic and detergent builders

Carbohydrates

Naturally occurring organics having combinations of C, H, and O,

with H and O ratio same as H2O

• Sucrose, dextrose, starch and cellulose are common products

Fermentation

• In this industry, specific microorganism acts on substrate to

produce desired chemical compound

India

First country to use bamboo as basic raw material for making paper

is

True rubber

• It must elongate at least 200% and return to its original dimensions

rapidly and forcibly

Petroleum

• It is formed millions of years ago from organic matter of marine deposits

in anaerobic conditions, i.e., in the absence of oxygen

• Selective bacterial attack destroyed proteins and carbohydrates of

organic matters and leaving fats to accumulate as oil reserves; thus,

known as fossil fuel

Petrochemicals

These are chemical compounds or elements recovered or derived

partially or entirely from petroleum or natural gas HCS

Polymers

are composed of molecules of MW from 103-107

are made up of repeated basic units produced from

monomers

Alkylation

Addition of alkyl radical (-CH3

) with side chain final product

Carbonylation 

Condensation

Cracking / Pyrolysis

Cyanation 

Dehydration

Dehydrogenation 

Hydration

Hydrogenation 

Hydrolysis

Sulfonation

Oxidation

Thionation

Isomerization

Halogenation

Esterification

saponification 

fat splitting reaction