CHLD DVL 05

Child Development chapter 5 of textbookc

differentiation

The process by which behaviors and physical structures become more specialized

failure to thrive

A disorder of impaired growth and infancy and early childhood characterized by failure to gain weight within normal limits

marasmus

A wasted, potentially lethal body condition, caused by inadequate nutrition in characterized by painful thinness

canalization

The tendency of growth rates to return to genetically determine Patterns after undergoing environmentally induced change

kwashiorkor

A form of protein energy malnutrition in which the body may break down its own reserves of protein, resulting in enlargement of the stomach swollen feet and other symptoms

nerves

Bundles of axons from many neurons

neurons

Nerve cells cells found in the nervous system that transmit messages

dendrites

The rootlike parts of the neuron that receive impulses from other neurons

axon

A long, thin part of a neuron, that transmits impulses to other neurons through small branching structures called axon terminals

neurotransmitter

A chemical substance that makes possible the transmission of neural impulses from one neuron to another

myelin sheath

A fatty white substance that in cases and insulates neurons permitting more rapid transmissions of neural impulses

myelination

The process by which axons are coded with Myelin

multiple sclerosis

A disorder in which myelin is replaced by hard fibrous tissue that impedes neural transmission

medulla

An oblong area of the hind brain involved in heartbeat and respiration

cerebellum

The part of the hind brain involved in muscle coordination and balance

cerebrum

The large mass of the forebrain, which consists of two hemispheres

ulnar grasp

A method of grasping objects in which the fingers close, somewhat clumsy against the palm

pincer grasp

The use of the opposing thumb to grasp objects between the thumb and the other fingers

locomotion

Movement from one place to another

toddler

A child who walks with short, uncertain steps, toddlerhood last from about 12 months to 30 months of age, thereby bringing infancy and early childhood

sensation

The stimulation of sensory organ, such as the eyes, ears and skin in the transmission of sensory information to the brain

perception

The process by which sensations are organized into a mental map of the world

perceptual constancy

The tendency to perceive objects as the same, even though the sensations produced by them, may differ, for example, when they differ in position or distance

size constancy

The tendency to perceive objects as being the same size, even though the sizes of their images on the retina may differ as a result of distance

shape constancy

The tendency to perceive objects as being the same shape, even though they’re shapes on the retina may differ when the objects are viewed from different positions

habituation

A process in which one becomes used to a repeated stimulus, and therefore pays less attention to it