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Socio-Spatial Dialectic

A two-way process where people create and modify urban spaces, while spaces influence their lives.

De Jure Segregation

Segregation that is a result of government policies and laws.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation that arises from private practices, such as housing discrimination.

Redlining

Refusal to provide financial services in areas deemed high-risk, often based on racial composition.

Ghetto

Involuntary geographical concentration of social groups.

Racial Zoning

Prohibited purchasing homes in blocks dominated by another race; initiated in 1910.

Index of Dissimilarity

Measures segregation levels between two groups (0 = no segregation, 100 = complete segregation).

Congregation

Residential clustering of ethnic minority groups by choice.

Emancipation Thesis

Clustering provides mutual support and cultural preservation.

Regime Theory

Explains coalition-building between business and local governments to achieve shared goals.

Urban Social Geography

Study of the relationship between society and urban spaces.

Thirdspace

Edward Soja’s term for spaces that are both real and imagined.

Behavioral Approach

Focuses on human perceptions and decision-making processes in geography.

Urban Governance Phases

Stages including Virtual Nongovernment, Municipal Socialism, Welfare Expansion, Large Bureaucracies, and Neoliberalism.

Blockbusting

The practice of persuading owners to sell their properties at low prices by instilling fear of racial integration.

Jim Crow Laws

Enforced segregation across Southern states post-Reconstruction.

Supreme Court Case: Brown v. Board of Education

Declared school segregation unconstitutional.

Cultural Preservation

Maintaining traditions within minority groups.

Environmental Justice

Efforts to ensure that minority communities are not disproportionately affected by environmental hazards.

Social Stratification

The hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas

Gentrification

The transformation of neighborhoods through the influx of more affluent residents, often displacing lower-income residents

Suburbanization

The movement of populations from urban centers to suburban areas, often for more space and lower living costs.

Economic Displacement

Loss of current residents in a neighborhood due to rising property values and living costs.