spine neck and face skills check

Flashcards focusing on key concepts related to muscle anatomy, including origins, insertions, actions, and innervations.

Erector Spinae Group

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
Common tendon (thoracolumbar fascia)  1. posterior surface of sacrum 2. iliac crest 3. spinous processes T11-L5	Various attachments 1. posterior ribs 2. spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae 3. Mastoid process of temporal bone	Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column	Spinal

Splenius Capitis

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae 2. Spinous processes of C7-T4	1. Mastoid process 2. lateral portion of superior nuchal line	Unilaterally: 1. Rotate head/neck (SS) 2. Laterally flex head/neck (SS) Bilaterally: 3. Extend the head/neck	Cervical

Splenius Cervicis

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Spinous processes of T3-6	1. Transverse processes of C-3	Unilaterally: 1. Rotate head/neck (SS) 2. Laterally flex head/neck (SS) Bilaterally: 3. Extend the head/neck	Cervical

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Posterior iliac crest	1. Last rib 2. L1-4 transverse process	Unilaterally: 1. Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis 2. Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally:  3. Assist to extend the vertebral column 4. Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation	Lumbar Plexus

Rectus Abdominis

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Pubic symphysis 2. Pubic crest	1. Cartilage of ribs 5-7 2. Xiphoid process	1. Flex vertebral column 2. Tilt pelvis posteriorly	T5-12 Ventral rami

External Oblique

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. External surfaces of last 8 ribs	1. Anterior iliac crest 2. Rectus sheath of linea alba	Unilaterally: 1. Laterally flex vertebral column SS 2. Rotate vertebral column OS Bilaterally: 3.Flex the vertebral column 4. Compress abdominal contents	T5-12

Internal Oblique

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Lateral inguinal ligament 2. Iliac crest 3. Thoracolumbar fascia	1. Internal surface of last 3 ribs 2. Rectus sheath of linea alba	Unilaterally: 1. Laterally flex vertebral column SS 2. Rotate vertebral column SS Bilaterally: 3.Flex the vertebral column 4. Compress abdominal contents	T7-L1 Ventral rami

Transverse Abdominis

Transverse Abdominis
Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Lateral inguinal ligament 2. Iliac crest 3. Thoracolumbar fascia 4. Internal surface of last 6 ribs	1. Rectus sheath of linea alba	1. Compress abdominal contents	T7-L1 ventral divisions

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Sternal: top of manubrium 2. Clavicular: medial ⅓ clavicle	1. Mastoid process  2. Lateral portion of superior nuchal line	Unilaterally: 1. Laterally flex the head /neck SS 2. Rotate the head/neck OS Bilaterally: 3. Flex the neck 4. Assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation	Spinal accessory nerve XI C2, C3

Anterior Scalene

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. CTP 3-6 ant tubercles	1. 1st rib	Unilaterally: 1. With ribs fixed, laterally flex the head/neck SS 2. Rotate head/neck OS Bilaterally: 3. Elevate the ribs during inhalation 4. Flex the head and neck	C3-8

Middle Scalene

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. CTP 2-7 post tubercles	1. 1st rib	Unilaterally: 1. With ribs fixed, laterally flex the head/neck SS 2. Rotate head/neck OS Bilaterally: 3. Elevate the ribs during inhalation	C3-8

Posterior Scalene

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. CTP 6-7 post tubercles	1. 2nd rib	Unilaterally: 1. With ribs fixed, laterally flex the head/neck SS 2. Rotate head/neck OS Bilaterally: 3. Elevate the ribs during inhalation	C3-8

Masseter

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Zygomatic arch	1. Angle of mandible 2. Ramus of mandible	1. Elevate the mandible 2. Assist protract the mandible	Trigeminal (mandibular division)

Temporalis

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Temporal fossa 2. Temporal fascia	1. Coronoid process of mandible 2. Anterior edge of ramus of mandible	1. Elevate the mandible 2. Retract the mandible	Trigeminal (mandibular division)

Occipitofrontalis

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Galea aponeurotica	1. Frontalis: skin superior to eyebrows 2.Occipitalis: superior nuchal line	1. Frontalis: raise the eyebrows 2. Frontalis: wrinkle to forehead 3. Occipitalis: Anchor galea posteriorly 4. Occipitalis: Retract galea posteriorly	Facial (VII)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Tubercle of the posterior arch of c1	1. Inferior nuchal of the occiput	1. Rock and tilt the head back into extension	suboccipital

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Spinous process of C2	1. Inferior nuchal line of the occiput	1. Rock and tilt the head back into extension 2. Rotate head SS	suboccipital

Oblique Capitis Superior

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Transverse process c1	1. Between nuchal lines of the occiput	1. Rock and tilt head back into extension 2. Laterally flex head SS	Suboccipital

Oblique Capitis Inferior

Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation
1. Spinous process C2	1. Transverse process c1	1. Rotate head SS	Suboccipital

cervical flexion and extension ROM

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm
External auditory meatus	Perpendicular to floor	Base of nares

normal range = 0-45

firm end feel

cervical lateral flexion ROM

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm
Spinous process of c7	Perpendicular to floor, between scapulae and over spinous processes	Bisecting the cranium vertically

normal range - 0-45

end feel = firm

Cervical rotation ROM

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm
Superior surface & center of the cranium	Lateral border of acromion	Parallel with the nose

normal range = 0-60

end feel = firm

Thoracolumbar flexion and extension ROM

with measuring tape : 

Superior point: SP of C7

Inferior point: SP of S2

end feel = firm

No “Normal” Range- Observe for improved ROM 

thoracolumbar lateral flexion

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm
Spinous Process of S2	Perpendicular from S2 to the floor	Midline of the spine to spinous process of C7

with measuring tape:

Superior point: Third finger tip

Inferior point: The floor

end feel = firm

No “Normal” Range- Observe for improved ROM 

Thoracolumbar rotation ROM

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm
Center or cranium	Imaginary line between iliac crests	Imaginary line between acromion processes

with measuring tape:

Superior point: Anterior surface of acromion process of the contralateral shoulder

Inferior point: Greater trochanter of the ipsilateral femur

MKAE SURE FEET ON GROUND

HAVE PT CROSS ARMS

No “Normal” Range- Observe for improved ROM for tape measure

- 0-45 degrees for gonio

Lumbar flexion and extension ROM

with measuring tape:

Superior point: Spinous process of T12

Inferior point: Spinous process of S2

end feel = firm

No “Normal” Range- Observe for improved ROM 

lumbar lateral flexion

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm

Lumbar rotation

Axis rotation	Stationary arm	Moving arm