AP U.S. History Flashcards: Period 4

Vocabulary flashcards for the AP U.S. History Period 4 review.

Market Revolution

Refers to the transition from a semi-subsistence economy to a market economy with national and international reach in the early 19th century United States.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to expand its territory across the North American continent.

American System

A set of proposals by Henry Clay to promote economic growth through internal improvements, tariffs, and a national bank after the War of 1812.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement in 1820 that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and divided the Louisiana Territory to regulate slavery in the region.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. foreign policy declaration in 1823 that opposed European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

Panic of 1819

An early financial crisis in the United States caused by speculative investments and the interconnected nature of the emerging market economy.

Cotton Gin

Invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that allowed for the rapid processing of cotton, leading to increased cotton production and the expansion of slavery.

Free Labor Ideology

The belief that in the United States, wage earners could own land and become independent, promoting the dignity of work; contributed to sectional tensions with the South.

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that women's proper role was maintaining the home and raising children, discouraging women from participating in public life.

Tariff of Abominations

The Tariff Act of 1828, which raised tariff rates and led to a reduction in trade between the U.S. and Europe, sparking controversy.

Nullification

The theory that a state could declare a federal law null and void within its borders; espoused by John C. Calhoun.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of Cherokee and other American Indian tribes to the Oklahoma Territory in 1838, resulting in many deaths.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that inspired reform movements and new religious sects.

Hudson River School

An American art movement that painted dramatic landscapes in the Romantic style.

Transcendentalism

A spiritual and intellectual movement critical of materialism, emphasizing intuition and nature.

American Colonization Society

Founded in 1817, it aimed to transport free African Americans to Africa.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention, held in 1848, advocating for women's suffrage and addressing gender inequality.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

A slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia, leading to stricter laws governing the behavior of slaves.

Mudsill Theory

A defense of slavery arguing that a lower class (slaves) was necessary for civilization to flourish by performing menial work.

Lone Star Republic

The independent Republic of Texas established in 1836 after winning independence from Mexico.