Bacterial Diseases pt.1 (BIOS 2210)

what body systems commonly get bacterial infections?

skin/ eye, upper/lower respiratory tract, GI/ toxic food, meninges/ CNS, urinary + reproductive tracts, blood and septicemia

what causes acne?

cutibacterium acnes (aka propionibacterium acnes)

what body system does acne infect?

skin + eye

what is the transmission route of acne?

opportunistic pathogen

what is acne's virulence factors?

thrives on lipids (increased risk during adolescence and pregnancy)

what is the treatment for acne?

doxycycline or topical antibiotics

is there a vaccine for acne?

no

is acne a world, local, or other disease?

world: all humans typically experience it

what causes necrotizing fascitis (flesh-eating disease)?

streptococcus pyogenes

what body system does necrotizing fascitis affect?

skin + eye

what is necrotizing fascitis virulence factors?

protease and avoiding neutrophils

what is the transmission of necrotizing fascitis?

direct contact of a wound or cut

what is the treatment of necrotizing fascitis?

debridement (removal of infected tissue) and antibiotic ointments

is there a vaccine for necrotizing fascitis?

no

is necrotizing fascitis a world, local, or other disease?

other: will likely be seen in medical field

what causes staph?

staphylococcus aureus

what body system does staph infect?

skin + eye

what is the transmission route of staph?

opportunistic pathogen from upper nares microbiota or direct contact

what is staph's virulence factors?

MRSA (resistant strain) and toxins

what is the treatment for staph?

topical or oral antibiotics

is there a vaccine for staph?

no

is staph a world, local, or other disease?

HAI

what causes conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

haemophilus influenza

what body system does conjunctivitis infect?

skin + eye

what is conjunctivitis transmission route?

direct contact or oppurtunistic

what is the virulence of conjuctivitis?

capsule and ability to avoid phagocytes

is there a vaccine for conjunctivitis?

yes: Hib

what is the prevention of conjuctivitis?

do not share contacts, eye makeup, and have good hand hygiene

what is the treatment for conuctivitis?

antibiotic eye drops

if conjunctivitis is untreated what happens?

damage to eye

is conjunctivitis a world, local, or other disease?

world: most people get it (very common)

what organs do upper and lower respiratory infections include?

mouth, ear, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, lungs

what causes whooping cough?

bordetella pertussis

what is the transmission route of whooping cough?

respiratory droplet

where does whooping cough establish?

lower respiratory tract: in cilia of cells

what is the virulence factor of whooping cough?

releases toxins that inflame the airway

is there a vaccine for whooping cough?

yes: Dtap and Tdap

is whooping cough a world, local, or other disease?

world: less common due to vaccine

what causes strep throat?

streptococcus pyogenes (gram + or group A strep)

what transmission route is strep throat?

respiratory droplet/ direct contact

what is strep throats virulence factors?

toxins (hemolysin-> break dow RBCs) and capsule to avoid immune system

is there a vaccine for strep throat?

no due to high strain diversity

what are the symptoms or complications along with strep throat?

fever, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and endocarditis

what is the treatment for strep throat?

required antibiotics

how many children are carriers of strep throat?

46%

is strep throat a world, local, or other disease?

world

what body system does strep throat infect?

upper respiratory tract

what causes diptheria?

corynebacterium diptheriae

what body system does diptheria infect?

upper respiratory tract

what is the transmission of diptheria?

respiratory droplet or direct contact

what is the virulence of diptheria?

pseudomembrane from exotoxins that closes airway (suffocation)

is there a vaccine for diptheria?

yes: Dtap and Tdap

can antibiotics be used to treat diptheria?

yes: resistant to erythromycin but ciprofloxacin works (broad spectrum)

is diptheria a world, local, or other disease?

world but sort of eliminated due to vaccine

what causes epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenza type B

what is the transmission of epiglottitis?

respiratory droplet or direct contact (may also be carried by microbes)

what is the virulence of epiglottitis?

capsule and hides from phagocytes (gram - coccobacillus)

is there a vaccine for epiglottitis?

yes: Hib

are antibiotics used to treat epiglottitis?

no-> resistant

what may epiglottitis cause in the worst-case scenario?

meningitis

is epiglottitis a world, local, or other disease?

world

what causes swimmers ear aka acute otitis externa?

pseudomonas aeruginosa

what is the transmission of acute otitis externa?

respiratory droplet, direct contact, or waterborne

what is the virulence of acute otitis externa?

biofilm

are antibiotics used to treat acute otitis externa?

yes: ciprofloxacin ear drops

is there a vaccine for acute otitis externa?

no

what body system does epiglottitis infect?

upper respiratory tract

what body system does acute otitis externa infect?

respiratory tract: ears

is acute otitis externa acute a world, local, or other disease?

world/ local: very common

what causes a middle ear infection aka acute otitis media?

streptococcus pyogenes

what is the transmission of acute otitis media?

respiratory droplet or opportunistic

what is the virulence of acute otitis media?

biolfim, secondary infections following viral disease, antibiotic-resistant, capsule

what body system does acute otitis media infect?

respiratory tract: behind ear eardrum (blocks eustachian tube)

is there a vaccine for acute otitis media?

yes: PCV

what is the treatment for acute otitis media?

antibiotics or tubes in eaars

what causes bacterial pneumoniae?

pseudomonas auerguinosa (or other gram - pseudomonas species)

what body system does bacterial pneumoniae infect?

lower respiratory tract

what is bacterial pneumoniae's virulence?

capsule, biofilm, antibiotic resistance

is there a vaccine for bacterial pneumoniae?

kinda: Hib + streptococcus pneumonia vaccine (other causative agents) but no vaccine for pseudomonas aeurginosa

how is bacterial pneumoniae treated?

antibiotics only if caused by pseudomonas species

what is the transmission of bacterial pneumonia?

respiratory droplet or direct contact

what causes tuberculosis?

mycobacterium tuberculosis

what body system does tuberculosis infect?

lower respiratory tract

what is the virulence of tuberculosis?

waxy mycolic acids, forms tubercles, low infectious dose (10 cells)

what is the transmission route of tuberculosis?

respiratory droplet or airborne

what does the diagnosis of tuberculosis require?

x-ray or TB skin test

what are symptoms of an active infection of tuberculosis?

chronic cough, bloody sputum, fever, night sweats (or maybe latent)

what is the treatment for TB?

long antibiotic regimens

is there a vaccine for TB?

yes, BCG vaccine

is TB a world, local, or other disease?

world

what causes plaque?

streptococcus mutans

what body system does plaque infect?

GI tract: oral cavity

what is the transmission of plaque?

opportunistic infections only

what is the virulence of plaque?

biofilm, metabolizes sugar, can lead to gum disease and decay

what are the preventative measures for plaque?

visit dentists 2 times a year, brush teeth with fluoride toothpaste, and floss

is plaque a world, local, or other disease?

world: everyone battles it

what causes listeriosis?

listeria monocytogenes

what is the structure of listeria monocytogenes?

gram +, small rod, psychotropic (likes cold)

what can listeria monocytogenes cause?

gastroenteritis (diarrhea) or meningitis (high risk during pregnancy)

what is the virulence of listeriosis?

intracellular pathogen, hides from immune system, and actin rockets