Cell Theory, Structure, and Functions

This flashcard involves: Cell Theory and Organelles and its Functions

Cell

The basic unit of life and building block of all organisms.

Unicellular organisms

Organisms made up of only one cell.

Multicellular organisms

Organisms composed of many cells.

Cell membrane

The phospholipid bilayer that separates the cell's internal contents from its environment.

Cytoplasm

The entire region within the cell membrane, where organelles are found.

Organelles

Structures within the cytoplasm that perform various functions.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that regulates and coordinates all activities.

Chromosomes

Structures found in the nucleus containing DNA that bear hereditary traits.

Mitochondria

Organelles that break down sugar molecules to produce ATP, the main source of energy.

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis where mRNA is translated into proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in the transport of lipids and proteins.

Golgi apparatus

A system of membrane-bound sacs that modifies, sorts, and packs macromolecules.

Lysosome

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes for breaking down macromolecules.

Peroxisomes

Vesicles that contain oxidative enzymes, notably for metabolizing fats in liver cells.

Vacuoles

Storage sacs in cells that can function in waste excretion and maintaining turgor pressure.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and motility to the cell.

Plastids

Large membrane-bound organelles in plant cells, responsible for functions like photosynthesis.

Cell wall

A protective outer layer found in plant cells.

Centrosome

An area outside the nucleus in animal cells, containing centrioles involved in cell division.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

The main energy source in cells, produced by breaking down sugar.

Chloroplast

A type of plastid responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Chromoplasts

Colored plastids that store pigments other than green.

Leucoplasts

Colorless plastids that store food in plant cells.

Cellular health

The condition of cells which can be maintained by providing necessary nutrients.