Brain Areas

Prefrontal Cortex

Front of frontal lobe, decision-making, planning, reasoning, working memory, social behavior, impulse inhibition, personality expression, Impairments: ADHD Frontal Lobe syndrome and schizophrenia

Motor Cortex

In frontal lobe/Precentral gyrus Voluntary motor control Damage leads to paralysis or motor dysfunction

Somatosensory

Parietal lobe, behind motor cortex processes sensory info touch pain temperature spatial awareness

Wernicke’s Area

Located in the left temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension and processing. Damage can result in Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech.

Broca’s Area

Located in the left frontal lobe/posterier frontal gyrus, responsible for speech production and language articulation. Damage can lead to Broca's aphasia, marked by difficulty in forming words.

Occipital Lobe

Located at the back of the brain, is primarily responsible for processing visual information, including object recognition, colors, and motion perception. cortical blindness

Thalamus

in the diencephalon, sensory relay station, directs signals minus smell. damage can cause sensory loss sleep disturbance or coma

Hypothalamus

below thalamus, in diencephalon, regulates hunger, thirst, temperature and hormonal control, damage: hypothalammic obesity, anorexia, or endocrine imbalances

Amygdala

temporal lobe, emotional processing, fear, aggression, emotional memories, decision making, memory formation, anxiety disorders PTSD, emotional dysregulation

Hippocampus

temporal lobe, involved in memory formation, learning, and spatial navigation; damage anterograde amnesia Alzheimer's disease

Basil Ganglia

cerebral hemispheres, movement regulation learning routines, habit formation, reward processing, damage-Huntington’s and Parkinson’s

Cerebellum

beneath occipital lobes, coordination, balance, fine motor skills, damage: ataxia, cognitive impairment

Corpus Callosum

band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres, lets communication between the left and right, damage leads to split brain syndrome

Reticular Formation

neurons in the brain stem, arousal, alertness, and sleep wake cycle, and attention, consciousness