Arthrology

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to joints and their classifications, focusing on the anatomy and physiology of joints discussed in the lecture.

Joints (articulations)

Places of contact between bones, bones and cartilage, or bones and teeth.

Arthrology

The study of joints.

Fibrous joint

Joints where bones are held together by dense connective tissue.

Cartilaginous joint

Joints where bones are joined by cartilage.

Synovial joint

Joints where bones are joined by ligaments with a fluid-filled joint cavity.

Synarthroses

Immobile joints that can be fibrous or cartilaginous.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly mobile joints that can be fibrous or cartilaginous.

Diarthroses

Freely mobile joints that are all synovial.

Gomphoses

Peg in socket joint formation found in the articulation of teeth with sockets.

Sutures

Joints found between skull bones; allow growth in childhood.

Syndesmoses

Joints bound by interosseous membranes providing pivot for bones.

Cartilaginous joints

Joints with hyaline or fibrocartilage that lack a joint cavity.

Synchondroses

Joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage.

Symphyses

Joints with pads of fibrocartilage that resist compression.

Synovial joints

Joints with a joint cavity, and are the most common type of joint in the body.

Articular capsule

A double-layered structure containing the synovial membrane and fibrous layer.

Synovial fluid

A viscous, oily substance that lubricates articular cartilage.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage that reduces friction during movement at joints.

Bursae

Fibrous, saclike structures containing synovial fluid that alleviate friction.

Hinge joint

A joint that allows movement similar to a door hinge, primarily allowing flexion and extension.

Ball-and-socket joint

The most freely mobile type of joint, allowing movement in multiple planes.

Circumduction

A circular movement that describes a cone shape, often seen in limb movements.

Pronation

Medial rotation of the forearm that turns the palm down.

Supination

Lateral rotation of the forearm that turns the palm up.

Arthritis

A group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases affecting the joints.