LEC.06 Respiratory System

Components of the upper respiratory system

• Nasal Cavity

• Paranasal Cavity

• Pharynx

Components of the lower respiratory system

• Larynx

• Trachea

• Respiratory Tree

• Lungs and Pleura

Muscles of the respiratory system

• External Intercostal Muscle

• Internal Intercostal Muscle

• Diaphragm

What are the components of the Pharynx in order?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

What are the muscles of the Larynx that Adduct?

• Cricothyroid

• Lateral Cricoarytenoid

• Thyroarytenoid

• Arytenoids (lateral and oblique)

What are the muscles of the Larynx that Abduct?

Posterior Cricoaryt

What type of cartilage makes up the Trachea?

C shaped hyaline cartilage, which provides structural support

Primary Bronchi

The large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs.

Secondary bronchi

The second part of the bronchial tree. They split off from the main airway to reach each lobe.

Tertiary (Segmental) Bronchi

Are subdivisions of the secondary (lobar) bronchi. Each tertiary bronchus supplies a specific, anatomically distinct region of the lung called a bronchopulmonary segment.

Bronchioles

Are tiny air passages in the lungs that deliver air to the alveoli.

Alveolar Sacs

Little sacs at the end of each Bronchioles that hold Alveolus

Alveoli

Are tiny, sac-like structures within the lungs that serve as the primary site for gas exchange between the air and the bloodstream

What parts of the Bronchial Tree uses conduction?

The Bronchus and the Bronchiole

What parts of the Bronchial Tree engages in respiration?

The Alveolar

Label the Bronchial Tree in descending order

Primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole (respiratory bronchiole), alveolar duct, alveolus

How many secondary bronchi are on the left lung?

Two

How many secondary bronchi are on the right lung?

Three

How many Tertiary Bronchi are in both lungs?

10 left and 10 right

Oxygen diffuses into the ______

Red blood cells

Carbon Dioxide diffuses into the ______

Alveolus

Alveolar type one cells

Squamous epithelial cells that allow gas exchange

Alveolar type two cells

Septal cells that produce protective fluid

Macrophages

Phagocytosis of debris

Phagocytosis

A cellular process in which a cell engulfs and digests solid particles such as bacteria, dead cells, and debris

Pneumonia

Fluid accumulation in alveoli

Pulmonary Plexus

is a network of autonomic nerves that innervates the lungs and bronchi, regulating various functions such as bronchial muscle contraction and dilation, as well as pulmonary vascular tone.

How many lobes are on the left lung?

Two lobes, the superior and inferior lobe. Which are divided by the oblique fissure

How many lobes are on the right lung?

Three, superior, middle, and inferior lobe, which are divided by the horizontal fissure and oblique fissure

Pleural Sacs

Is a fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs. It is found in the thorax, separating the lungs from its surrounding structures

Diaphragm

Is a muscle that helps you breathe. It sits under your lungs and separates your chest cavity from your abdomen.

Paranasal Sinuses

Are four paired cavities in your face. They include the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Together, they make mucus that drains your nose,