AP HuGe Chapter 12 Vocabulary Terms

basic business

a business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

business service

a service that primarily meets the needs of other business including professional, financial, and transportation services

central place

a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area

central place theory

a theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas fir services, larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

Clustered Rural settlement

a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other with fields surrounding the settlement

consumer service

a service the primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure

dispersed rural settlement

a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

economic base

a community’s collection of basic business

enclosure movement

the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century

food desert

an area that has a substantial amount of low income residents and has poor access to a grocery store defined in most cases as further than one mile

gravity model

a model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

hinterland

the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area)

nonbasic business

a business that sells its products primarily to consumers in the same settlement

primate city

a city that is the largest settlement in a country and has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

primate city rule

a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement

public service

a service offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

range

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

rank size rule

a pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

service

any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

settlement

a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

threshold

the minimum number of people needed to support

urbanization

an increase in the percentage of and number of people living in urban settlements