medsurg quiz 1

ADAPTATION

a change or alteration designed to assist in adjusting to a new situation or environment

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE

a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of cortisol and other hormones by the adrenal cortex

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, elevates blood pressure, and reduces the excretion of urine

CATECHOLAMINES

any of the group of amines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine) that serve as neurotransmitters

COPING

the cognitive and behavioral strategies used to manage the stressors that tax a person’s resources

CORTICOSTEROID

the group of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, that are produced by the adrenal cortex; they are involved in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties

DISEASE

an abnormal variation in the structure or function of any part of the body

DYSPLASIA

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type

FAMILY

a group whose members are related by reciprocal caring, mutual responsibilities, and loyalties

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

the alarm stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome described by Selye

GLUCONEOGENESIS

the formation of glucose by the liver from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and the glycerol portion of fats

GUIDED IMAGERY

the mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual image to achieve relaxation or direct attention away from uncomfortable sensations or situations

HOMEOSTASIS

a steady state within the body; the stability of the internal environment

HYPERPLASIA

an increase in the number of new cells in an organ or tissue

HYPOXIA

inadequate supply of oxygen to the cell

INFLAMMATION

a localized reaction of tissue to injury, irritation, or infection that is manifested by five cardinal signs of redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and loss of function

METAPLASIA

a cell transformation in which one type of mature cell is converted into another type of cell

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

mechanisms that monitor the internal environment and restore homeostasis when conditions shift out of the normal range

POSSITIVE FEEDBACK

mechanisms that perpetuate a chain of events

STEADY STATE

a stable condition that does not change over time, or when change in one direction is balanced by change in an opposite direction

STRESS

a disruptive condition that occurs in response to adverse influences from the internal or external environments

STRESSOR

an internal or external event or situation that creates the potential for physiologic, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral changes

PHYSICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PSYCHOSOCIAL

TYPES OF STRESSOR