Biology 2 practical 3 notes

Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Homoscleromorpha

Members of the phylum Porifera

Platyhelminthes

What phylum are liver flukes in?

An animal that has both male and female reproductive systems.

What does hermaphroditic mean?

Risk of self-fertilization and maintaining 2 reproductive systems.

Disadvantages of being hermaphroditic

Nematoda

Trichinella belongs to which phylum?

Murex.

What dye derived from what organism was used to dye robes of royalty?

Mosquito.

Insect vector for heartworms?

Fleas.

What is the insect vector for tapeworms to dogs?

Eating raw pork or a flea.

How can a person get a tapeworm?

Gravid proglottid.

What type of proglottid in a tapeworm can break away and travel through the body?

Bilateral symmetry, complete digestive tract, closed circulatory system, body cavity, body segments.

Characteristics of Annelids?

Mouth -> Pharynx -> Esophagus -> Crop -> Gizzard -> Intestines.

Order of digestive parts in annelids

Egg -> Nymph -> Adult.

Grasshopper metamorphic stages

Exoskeleton, segmented bodies, jointed appendages, bilateral symmetry, open circulatory system.

Characteristics of Arthropods

Annelid worms.

Ancestors of arthropods?

Odonata.

What order of insect are dragonflies and damselflies in?

Coleoptera.

What order are beetles in?

Diptera.

What order are flies and mosquitoes in?

Hemiptera.

What order are bed bugs, water striders, and stink bugs in?

Hymenoptera.

What order are ants, bees, and wasps in?

Lepidoptera.

What order are Butterflies and moths in?

Orthoptera.

What order are Grasshoppers and Crickets in?

Chewing.

What type of mouthparts do Coleoptera have?

Chewing with a pair of mandibles to grasp or crush.

What type of mouthparts do Orthoptera have?

Siphoning.

What type of mouthparts do Lepidoptera have?

Piercing/Sponging.

What type of mouthparts do Diptera have?

Chewing.

What type of mouthparts do Hymenoptera have?

Piercing/Sucking.

What type of mouthparts do Hemiptera have?

Coleoptera.

What is the largest order of insects?

Opposite the mouth.

What does aboral mean?

They evert their stomach out.

How does the sea star obtain food?

Hagfish and lamprey.

Class Cyclostomata

No jaws and cartilage skeleton.

Distinct characteristics of class Cyclostomata

Cartilaginous fish.

Class Chondrichthyes

Bony Fish.

Common name for Class Osteichthyes?

Class Osteichthyes.

First appearance of endochondral bone?

Operculum.

What structure is present in Class Osteichthyes that covers the gills?

Buccal pumping.

What is the process called that allows bony fish to move water over their gills?

Swim bladder.

What organ do bony fish have that helps offset the density of bone?

Frogs (Anura), Caecilians (Apoda), salamanders (Caudata).

Class Amphibia

Through cutaneous respiration and use of lungs.

How do amphibians solve their small lung problem?

Turtles (Testudines), snakes (Squamata), lizards, crocodilia.

Class Reptilia

Amniotic eggs and dry skin.

Feature that helps reptiles live independent from water?

Hair, mammary glands, and specialized teeth.

Class Mammalia

Hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail.

Four distinct characteristics of chordates?

Endotherms, hair, 4 chambered heart, live birth.

Features that make mammals different from reptiles?

White mouth, triangular head, vertical pupils, thick body that tapers.

How do you identify a water moccasin?

Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata.

Subphyla of Chordata

Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, and Mammalia.

Classes within subphylum Vertebrata?

4 limbs, 3 chambered heart, sense organs.

Amphibian features that allowed them on land?

Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda.

Classes of Phylum Mollusca