Early Modern Europe Flashcards

Flashcards about Early Modern Europe

What type of empires did the medium-scale states of Western Europe found?

Sea-based empires in which overseas colonies funneled wealth into them.

Why did the medium-scale states of Europe build sea-based empires?

They had failed, in the Post-Classical period, to establish control over the lucrative trade routes of Eurasia.

What propelled the states of Europe to a position of equity with the formerly dominant land-based empires?

The wealth funneled into Europe through the overseas colonies.

What was the state of Europe's economy by the end of the Post-Classical Period?

Agriculture-based economy of manorialism supplemented by an urban economy centered on the production of trade goods and their export abroad.

Besides silk and porcelain, what type of goods did Europe produce?

Flemish cloth textiles and Venetian glass.

What was the Textile Industry?

The most notable industry in Europe at the beginning of the Early Modern period.

What system describes when a central vendor purchased raw materials and distributed them to artisan-crafters?

The putting-out system.

How did the invention of the Moveable-type Printing Press affect Europe?

It vastly increased the ease of producing books, papers, and pamphlets.

Where did the Moveable-type Printing Press originate?

Technologies first developed in China.

What did The European Nobility hold?

Held the majority of the land while constituting a small minority of the population

Which countries expelled their Jewish population by 1400?

France and England.

What decree was issued by the Spanish monarchs in 1492?

The Alhambra Decree.

What shattered the unity of the Catholic Church in Europe during the 1500s?

The Protestant Reformation.

Who publicly criticized the Catholic Church's practices and started the Reformation?

Martin Luther.

What practice of the Catholic Church did Martin Luther criticize?

The collection of indulgences.

What branch of Protestantism was most similar to the Catholic Church?

The Church of England, Anglican Christianity

Who founded the Reformed Church, also known as Calvinist Christianity?

John Calvin in Switzerland.

What was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation?

The Catholic Reformation (often called the Counter Reformation)

What missionary order was founded during the Catholic Reformation?

The Jesuit Order.

What agency did Spain use to maintain its religious unity?

The Spanish Inquisition.

On what basis did scholars understand the world around them under the Scientific Revolution?

Reason, logic, and experimentation.

What agreement established that a prince's personal religion should be the state religion of their territory?

The Peace of Augsburg

What massive conflict was fought in Germany between Catholic and Protestant forces?

The Thirty Years' War.

What agreement recognized independent Catholic and Protestant states in Europe?

The Peace of Westphalia.

Which political thinker proposed an understanding of government based on pragmatic concerns rather than religious legitimacy?

Machiavelli

Where did the Kingdom of Spain construct their central capital?

Madrid

What type of monarchy did France move towards?

Absolute Monarchy

In what doctrine did the French monarchs claim that they represented the Christian God on earth?

The Divine Right of Kings

What type of government did Great Britain take a path towards?

Limited Monarchy, a type of Parliamentary Monarchy

What was the new creation in the Early Modern Period that ruled over a sea-based empire?

The Dutch Republic

What body did the Dutch Republic look to for leadership?

The States General.

In what conflict did Spain funnel the immense wealth of their overseas empire into futile attempts to force the Dutch to accept Spanish rule?

The Eighty Years' War