Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts related to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells as discussed in the notes.

Eukaryotic

Cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus, found in animals, fungi, and plants.

Prokaryotic

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus, primarily including bacteria and archaea.

Gram Stain

A method of staining bacteria that distinguishes between Gram-positive and Gram-negative species.

Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria that stain purple due to a thick peptidoglycan layer.

Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria that stain pink, characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Proteobacteria

A diverse and abundant group of Gram-negative bacteria, including Gamma, Epsilon, Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria.

Halophiles

Archaea that thrive in high-salt environments.

Thermophiles

Archaea that thrive in high-temperature environments.

Methanogens

Archaea that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct.

Actinobacteria

A group of Gram-positive bacteria that includes high G+C (like Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and low G+C (like Clostridium tetani) species.