Pharmacology 3rd Partial Theory Exam Guide

Flashcards based on the Pharmacology Third Partial Exam Guide covering treatment protocols for shock, hypertension, asthma, and epilepsy, as well as renal physiology and pharmacokinetics.

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

Includes using a vasopressor (vasopresor) and treating the etiology, but excludes high and constant fluid therapy (fluidoterapia alta y constante).

Metoprolol

Identified in the notes as a selective Beta agent (agonista B selectivo).

Weight loss effect on BP

Lowers blood pressure by $5-20\,mmHg$.

Hypertension (HA) Monotherapy

Indicated when BP is $<140/90\,mmHg$ in patients $<65$ years, or in patients $>80$ years, except if the patient has DMT2.

Status Epilepticus Pharmacological Treatment

Initiated if the status lasts $>5\,min$.

Phenylephrine (Fenilefrina)

A selective Alpha agonist used for decongestion.

Refractory E.E. treatment

Includes UCI + intubation + sedation (UCI+intubación+sedación).

Atypical Febrile Seizures

Associated with a $10-15\%$ risk of developing epilepsy.

MART therapy (Asthma)

Corresponds to steps (escalones) $1-5$ and Track 1.

Status Epilepticus Operational Definition

A seizure crisis that lasts $>5\,min$.

Salbutamol

Classified as a SABA (Short-Acting Beta Agonist).

ROSE protocol

Followed strictly in hypovolemic and distributive shock, but NOT in cardiogenic shock (choque cardiogénico).

Hypertension treatment for elderly patients

Involves the use of Calcium antagonists (Calcio antagonista).

Teratogenic Drugs

Include Valproic Acid (Ac. Valproico) and Phenytoin (Fenitoína).

Malignant Hypertension

Strongly associated with Papilledema (Papiledema).

Type IV Hemorrhagic Shock

Characterized by the loss of $>40\%$ of blood volume.

Sodium (Salt) Limitation

Decreases blood pressure by $2-8\,mmHg$.

Thiazide Diuretics

Diuretics known to increase Glucose levels.

Parkland Solution (First 50%)

Administered within the first $8$ hours.

Normal Lactate value

$<2\,mmol/L$.

Blood Pressure (TA) formula

$GC \times RVP$ (Cardiac Output $\times$ Peripheral Vascular Resistance).

West Syndrome

Presents in children aged $<1$ year.

Cardiac Output (GC) formula

$VS \times FC$ (Stroke Volume $\times$ Heart Rate).

Normal Delta CO2 value

$<6\,mmHg$.

Oliguria

A urinary output of $<400\,ml$ of urine per day.

Common causes of epilepsy in >50 years

Stroke (ACV).

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Presents in children between $1-7$ years of age.

Lamotrigine

Associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Sx de Steven Jhonson).

Forces opposing glomerular filtration

Hydrostatic pressure (Ph) of the Bowman's capsule and Glomerular Osmotic pressure (PO).

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (TCP)

Site where $60-67\%$ of $Na^+$ is reabsorbed.

Severe Chronic Kidney Disease (ERC) Diuretic

Loop diuretics (Diurético de ASA) are recommended.

ACE Inhibitor (IECA)

A drug that acts at the lung (pulmón) level.

Daily Blood Reabsorption

$180\,L$ of blood is reabsorbed daily.

DASH diet

The type of diet currently recommended for patients with arterial hypertension.

Anuria definition

A urinary output of $<100\,ml$ of urine per day OR a rate of $<0.3\,ml/kg/hr$.

First-line HTN drugs

Include IECA and Calcium antagonists, but not Aldosterone receptor antagonists (Antagonista del receptor de Aldosterona) as primary monotherapy.

Renal Ultrafiltrate Excreta

Approximately $1-2\%$ of the ultrafiltrate is excreted.

Asthma Track 1

Low-dose GCI-Formoterol as needed (a demanda).

Spironolactone (Espironolactona)

An exception to thiazide diuretics (diurético tiazídico).

Excessive Salbutamol use

Can produce desensitization and endocytosis of receptors.

SGLT2 mechanism

Classified as a Symport (Simporte).

Loop Diuretics (Diuréticos de ASA)

Act on the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle (Asa de Henley rama ascendente).