MGIS 3356 - Final Exam

Client

Are usually the PCs that are already available on the desktops throughout a company.

Database Server

is a computer that has enough processor speed, internal memory (RAM), and disk storage to store the files and databases of the system and provide services to the clients of the system

Client/Server System

the server is typically a high-powered PC that communicates with the clients over a local area network (LAN). can also consist of one or more PC-based systems, one or more midrange systems, and a mainframe system in dispersed geographical locations

DBMS

manages the databases that are stored on the server

Relational Database

consists of tables. Tables consist of rows and columns, which can also be referred to as records and fields. can reduce data redundancy, which saves disk storage and leads to efficient data retrieval. You can also view and manipulate data in a way that is both intuitive and efficient.

Record, field, cell

Tables consist of rows and columns, which can also be referred to as records and fields. The intersection of a row and a column is sometimes called a cell

Primary Key

uniquely identifies each row in the table. Also is usually a single column, but it can also consist of two or more columns.

Composite Key

a primary key that uses two or more columns

Foreign Key

is simply one or more columns in a table that refer to a primary key in another table.

Data Type

assigned to a column determines the type and size of the information that can be stored in the column.

Default Value

that value is used if another value isn't provided when a row is added to the table.

Standard SQL

1989, when the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) published its first set of standards for a database query language.

Transact-SQL

Although SQL is a standard language, each vendor has its own SQL dialect, or variant, that may include extensions to the standards. SQL Server's SQL dialect is called

SQL dialect or variant

The most basic SQL statements are the same for all

Calculated Value

is a column created from a result of a query.
Example: a column BalanceDue doesn't actually exist in the database, it has been created from three other columns in the table.

SQL Query

A command created using SQL database client software that operates directly on the record in a database

View

consists of a SELECT statement that's stored with the database. Because they are stored as part of the database, they can be managed independently of the applications that use them.

Table, Row, Column

in a table there are rows and columns. rows referred to as records and columns as fields. column consists of data values, each row having one value for the column.

Index

provides an efficient way to access data from a table based on the values in specific columns. And is automatically created for a table's primary and non-primary keys.

One-to-many relationship

tables in a relational database can be related to other tables by values in specific columns.

one-to-one relationship

one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.

many-to-many relationship

usually implemented by using an intermediate table that has a one-to-many relationship with the two tables in the many-to-many relationship. In other words, a many-to-many relationship can usually be broken down into two one-to-many relationships.

Null Value

represents a value that's unknown, unavailable, or not applicable.

Identity Column

a column where each table can also contain a numeric column whose value is generated automatically by the DBMS

Result Set

is a logical table that's created temporarily within the database

Join

a SELECT statement that retrieves data from two
tables. Data from the two tables is joined together into a single result set.

Inner Join

most common type of join. When you use a join,
rows from the two tables in the join are included in the result table only if their related columns match.

Outer Join (left or right)

returns rows from one table in the join even if the other table doesn't contain a matching row

Input/Output parameters

allow the caller to pass a data value to the stored procedure or function.
other parameter allows the stored procedure to pass a data value or a cursor variable back to the caller.

Stored Procedure

is one or more SQL statements that have been compiled and stored with the database. And can be started by application code on the client.