Modern Art: The Shift from Romanticism to Realism

Romanticism

Art movement that emphasized emotion and individualism.

Realism

Art focused on depicting everyday life and society.

Positivism

Philosophy emphasizing observable facts and scientific understanding.

Auguste Comte

Coined 'Positivism' and founded sociology.

Physiologies

Pamphlets analyzing niches of French society.

Realpolitik

Pragmatic governance based on practical considerations.

Otto von Bismarck

Unified Germany using Realpolitik by 1870.

Charles Baudelaire

Promoted art reflecting modern life's realities.

Jules-Antoine Castagnary

Claimed beauty exists in the present.

Impressionism

Art movement capturing fleeting moments in modern life.

Rapid outdoor painting

Technique used in Impressionism for immediacy.

Avant-garde

Innovative art for niche audiences, challenging norms.

Commercial art galleries

Replaced academic Salons in showcasing new art.

Gustave Courbet

Pioneered Realism with works like The Stone Breakers.

Claude Monet

Key Impressionist known for Impression, Sunrise.

Édouard Manet

Modern life artist, known for Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe.

Edgar Degas

Impressionist known for capturing movement and dance.

Societal upheaval of 1848

Context for Realism's emergence in art.

Legacy of Realism

Foundation for Modernism and focus on truth.

Cultural turning point

Shift from Romanticism to Realism in art.

Industrialization

Rapid societal changes influencing Realist themes.

Urbanization

Growth of cities impacting artistic focus.