Avian Integument

What are the main layers of avian skin?

Epidermis and dermis.

What is the function of the epidermis in birds?

Provides a barrier to the external environment.

What is unique about avian skin compared to mammals?

No sweat glands.

What is the role of feathers in thermoregulation?

Provide insulation.

What are the main types of feathers in birds?

Pennaceous, down, semiplumes, filoplumes, and bristles.

What is the function of the uropygial gland?

Produces preen oil for feather maintenance.

What is the role of the integumentary system in homeostasis?

Maintains body temperature and fluid balance.

What are apteria?

Featherless regions of the skin.

What are pterylae?

Feathered tracts on the body.

What is the function of the rhamphotheca?

Covers the beak.

What is the cere?

A fleshy structure at the base of the beak.

What are the main accessory integumentary structures in birds?

Beak, claws, and scales.

How do species-specific adaptations predispose birds to integumentary diseases?

Variability in skin and feather structure increases susceptibility to certain conditions.

What is a common clinical condition affecting the integumentary system?

Feather plucking.

What is the significance of the stratum corneum in avian skin?

Provides a protective barrier.

What is the function of barbules in feathers?

Interlock with barbs to form a tight vane.

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, insulation, communication, and support for flight.

What is the role of the dermal papillae in feather development?

Supports the growth of feathers.

How does the integumentary system aid in communication?

Through coloration and plumage patterns.

What is the significance of preening in birds?

Maintains feather integrity and cleanliness.

What is the role of the nasal glands in avian osmoregulation?

Excrete excess salt.

How does the integumentary system contribute to avian flight?

Feathers provide lift and control.

What are the main differences between contour and flight feathers?

Contour feathers provide insulation; flight feathers support flight.

What is the function of the brood patch?

Warms eggs during incubation.

How does the integumentary system adapt to different environments?

Specialized feathers and skin structures for various climates.