Biology - Chapter 1 - Principles and the basic structures of life

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37 Terms

1

bacteria

unicellular microorganisms some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants

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2

cell membrane

A selectively permeable membrane surrounding the cell and controlling the entry and exit of materials

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3

chloroplast

contains green pigment chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis

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4

nucleus

controls what happens in the cell, where the chromosomes are located

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5

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

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6

The adaptation of the cells lining the small intestine

Has a large surface area to absorb more food faster

<p>Has a large surface area to absorb more food faster</p>
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7

Why are unicellular organisms at a disadvantage?

They do not live for long as it gets tired easily and there is no other cell to replace it.

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8

Epithelium

Forms the coverings and linings of the body

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9

adaptation

A feature of an organism's body which helps it to survive.

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10

cell

Basic unit of life

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11

unicellular

A single celled organism

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12

multicellular

Made up of more than one cell.

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13

cell wall

provides support and prevents bursting by osmosis. Keeps the plant cell turgid

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14

cytoplasm

the living substance inside a cell, where chemical reactions take place

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15

mitochondria

where respiration takes place (powerhouse)

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16

specialised cell

A cell that has become differentiated to carry out a particular function, eg red blood cell.

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17

tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

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18

vacuole

a space in the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap

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19

prokaryotic cell

cell without a nucleus that is found in single-celled organisms, ex bacteria

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20

eukaryotic cell

cell with nucleus and organelles present. Found in all other living organisms apart from bacteria.

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21

Animal cell division step 1

Nucleus divides

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22

Animal cell division step 2

The cytoplasm pinches off between the two nuclei and two daughter cells are formed.

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23

Animal cell division step 3

Two daughter cells are now individual, where one of them becomes a specialized cell.

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24

Plant cell division step 1

The nucleus divides to become two, and a new cell wall forms to separate them.

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25

Plant cell division step 2

One of the cells enlarges, vacuoles form and force the cell to expand, and eventually the two cells separate

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26

The adaptation of red blood cell

No nucleus for more space for haemoglobin to carry more oxygen

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27

The adaptation of a muscle cell

Has a lot of mitochondria

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28

Adaptation of nerve cell

Long cytoplasm to carry messages easily

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29

Adaptation of palisade cell

Contains chloroplasts

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30

Adaptation of root hair cell

Bigger surface area to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil

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31

How do unicellular organisms carry out all the functions?

They have a large surface area to volume ratio

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32

Multicellular organisms (animals) consist of:

organelles-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism

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33

Connective tissue

Found between the body organs binding the parts together

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34

Muscle tissue

Contracts, resulting in movement

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35

Nervous tissue

Transmits messages/nerve impulses

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36

Mesophyll tissue

Photosynthesis occurs here

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37

Epidermis (plant tissue)

The outer layer of the root

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