APB Cells 2023

Rough ER

animal & plant

Protein synthesis and storage, transport

Smooth ER

animal & plant

lipid synthesis, detoxification

Mitochondria

animal & plant

ATP (energy) production

Lysosome

animal

digest waste products

Ribosome

animal &

plant protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

animal & plant

receives, modifies, and ships materials

plasma membrane

animal & plant

Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer: regulates what goes in/out of the cell

Nucleolus

animal & plant

Makes ribosomes

Nucleus

animal & plant

controls genetic info, regulates cell

Centrosome

animal

microtubule organization and storage

Vacuole

animal & plant

store various substances

Peroxisome

plant

Converts hydrogen and oxygen to hydrogen peroxide to water

Cell wall

plant

structure and support

Chloroplast

plant

produce energy through photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

bacteria, plant & animal

holds organelles, medium for chemical reactions

Flagella

bacteria

allows cell movement

nucleoid

bacteria

dense region of chromatin, makes DNA replication, transcription, and cell division possible

Plasmid

bacteria

circle of small number of genes that can replicate independently

Endosymbiont Theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once individual prokaryotes that got engulfed by larger prokaryotes and then they became independent of each other. The smaller prokaryotes then became membrane-bound organelles. Evidence: mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own ribosomes. Mitochondria and chloroplast reproduce by binary fission, which is similar to bacteria