Noah Grakauskas- Meiosis Study Flashcards - Biology 9 Honors

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34 Terms

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Meiosis
A type of cell division that reduces chromosome number by half
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Gametes
Reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction
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Somatic Cells
All body cells except gametes; they are diploid and have two complete sets of chromosomes
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Diploid
A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes (2n). Example: Human somatic cells (46 chromosomes)
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Haploid
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes (n). Example: Human gametes (sperm and egg
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Meiosis I
The first division in meiosis
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Meiosis II
The second division in meiosis
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Why Meiosis is Needed
Reduces the chromosome number by half to ensure the correct chromosome number after fertilization
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Genetic Diversity
Crossing over
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Crossing Over
The process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during prophase I of meiosis
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Independent Assortment
The random arrangement of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Mitosis results in two diploid identical cells
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Interkinesis
A brief resting period between meiosis I and meiosis II
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Unique Gametes
Formed due to crossing over
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Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same genes
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Allele
A variant form of a gene
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Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
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Mitosis in the Human Life Cycle
Mitosis is responsible for growth
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Karyotype
An organized profile of an individual’s chromosomes
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Trisomy
A condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of two
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Monosomy
A condition where an individual has only one copy of a chromosome instead of two
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Nondisjunction
A failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
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Polyploidy
Having more than two sets of chromosomes
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Zygote
A fertilized egg
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Tetrad
A pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
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Recombinant DNA
DNA formed by combining genes from different sources
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Chromatin
Uncoiled DNA in the nucleus during interphase
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Autosomal Chromosomes
Non-sex chromosomes that are the same in both males and females
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Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (X or Y)
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Chiasmata
The point where homologous chromosomes cross over during meiosis
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Synapsis
The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
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Linked Genes
Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together
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Aneuploidy
A condition where a cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes
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Recombination Frequency
The frequency with which a crossover event occurs between two genes during meiosis