Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Vocabulary Flashcards

Glossary-style flashcards covering key ICT concepts, terms, and tools from the lecture notes.

ICT

Information and Communication Technology: Use of communication technology/devices to send, save, and edit information; products that store, process, transmit, convert, duplicate, or receive electronic information.

Information

Facts provided or learned about something or someone.

Communication

Imparting or exchanging of information or news.

Technology

Scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry; machinery and equipment from applying scientific knowledge.

Immateriality

Information that you have and can move from one place to another (intangible in form).

Interconnection

Link between various technologies.

Digitization

Information processed in a single universal format.

Interactivity

Exchange of information between user and computer.

Instantaneity

Transmitting information over long distances with extreme speed.

Innovation

Development of new methods or means to enhance communication.

Influenciality

Accessing a large amount of information to build knowledge through association with other connected users.

Diversity of information

Information that can impact multiple areas (economy, education, etc.).

Importance of ICT

ICT as a source of knowledge, a medium to transfer knowledge, a medium of interaction, and a means of seeking help.

Advantages of ICT

Benefits include communication, globalization, cost-effectiveness, greater availability, and bridging cultural gaps.

Disadvantages of ICT

Destructive/immoral content, unemployment, privacy concerns, lack of job security, and domination by some cultures.

Cybercrime

Illegal acts done using the internet; crimes committed online.

Phishing

Attempt to acquire sensitive information (usernames, passwords, credit card details).

Spoofing

Impersonation on a network to launch attacks, steal data, or bypass access controls.

Blackmail/Extortion

Unlawfully obtaining money or resources through coercion.

Accessing stored communication

Unauthorized access to an electronic communication facility or service.

Sports betting

Gambling on sports events over the internet.

Electronic/Cyber harassment

Online harassment or bullying.

Child pornography

Exploitation of children by clients of child prostitution.

Online prostitution

Inducing or coercing individuals to engage in prostitution via interstate commerce.

Online drug trafficking

Drug trafficking conducted over the internet.

Criminal copyright infringement (PirateBay)

Piracy of copyrighted material for financial gain.

LAN

Local Area Network: collection of devices connected in one physical location.

WAN

Wide Area Network: large network not tied to a single location; can span the world.

World Wide Web

Information system connected by hypertext links; documents are navigated via the web.

Static Web Pages

Web pages that cannot be manipulated by the user (non-interactive).

Dynamic Web Pages

Web pages that users can contribute to or comment on (interactive).

Folksonomy

Categorizing information with freely chosen words or tags (e.g., hashtags).

Rich User Experience

Dynamic, responsive design that reacts to user input.

User Participation

Users can contribute content (comments, reviews, etc.).

Long Tail

Services offered on demand rather than one-time purchases.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Users subscribe to software only when needed, via the cloud.

Mass Participation

Diverse information sharing through universal web access.

3.0 Semantic Web

Web pages designed so machines can understand user preferences to tailor content (AI).

Technological Convergence

Synergy of different technologies working toward a common goal.

Social Media

Platforms enabling creation, co-creation, discussion, modification, and exchange of user-generated content.

Social Networks

Sites that connect people with shared interests (e.g., Facebook).

Bookmarking sites

Websites that store/manage links with tags for easy search/sharing.

Social News

Sites where users post news items or links (e.g., Reddit).

Media Sharing

Sites where users upload/share media content (images, music, videos) with likes and comments.

Microblogging

Sites focused on short user updates that followers receive.

Blogs and Forums

Sites where users post content; examples include Blogger, WordPress, Tumblr.

Mobile Technology

Rise of mobile devices (phones/tablets) enabling tasks previously done on PCs.

Mobile Devices Operating Systems

iOS, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Phone OS, Symbian, Web OS, Windows Mobile.

Assistive Media

Non-profit service aiding people with visual or reading impairments.

Cloud Computing

Accessing software and storage over the internet (the cloud) rather than locally.

Client Computers

End-user devices used to interact with cloud services.

Distributed Servers

Servers in multiple locations working together as a single system.

Datacenters

Facilities housing many servers where applications run and are accessed via the internet.

Public Cloud

Cloud services accessible to the general public; often less secure due to openness.

Private Cloud

Cloud services restricted to a single organization with higher security.

Community Cloud

Cloud services shared by a group of organizations.

Hybrid Cloud

Combination of public and private clouds for different workloads.

Internet Safety

Online security and safety of people and information when using the internet.

Internet Security

Range of security practices to protect online activities and transactions.

CIA Triad

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability—core security goals.

Masquerader

Outside attacker who uses someone else’s credentials to access a system.

Misfeasor

Inside user who misuses privileges or accesses unauthorized areas.

Clandestine User

User (inside/outside) who evades auditing and access controls.

Computer Crime

Criminal acts involving computers (damage, theft, manipulation).

Computer Criminals

People who commit computer crimes (employees, outsiders, organized crime, hackers).

Virus

Malware that requires a host to activate and spread.

Worm

Self-replicating malware that spreads without a host trigger.

Trojan Horse

Malicious code that hides as legitimate software to take control.

Spyware

Software that runs in the background to monitor user activity.

Adware

Software that displays unwanted advertisements, often as pop-ups.

Ransomware

Malware that blocks access to data or demands ransom for release.

Spam

Unwanted email, typically sent by bots or advertisers.

Dormant Phase

Virus has infected the system but remains inactive.

Propagation Phase

Virus multiplies and spreads to other files or programs.

Triggering Phase

Virus activates in response to a condition or date.

Execution Phase

Virus payload is released; end users notice problems.

Worm vs Virus vs Trojan Horse

Worms spread automatically; viruses require a host; trojans disguise as legitimate software.

Mail Merge

Word feature to create multiple documents by combining a main document with a data source.

Main Document

The primary document in a mail merge that contains the message body.

Data Source

Source data (e.g., an Excel file) used to populate a mail merge.

Ribbon

Collection of tools organized under a tab (e.g., Home) in Word/PowerPoint.

Slide

A single page in a PowerPoint presentation.

Slide Deck

Group of slides that comprise a presentation.

Design Template

Pre-designed styles applied to slides to set appearance.

Slide Show Button

Control that starts the presentation in full-screen mode.

Animation

Effects applied to text or graphics on a slide.

Transition

Effects that move from one slide to the next.

Normal View

Default PowerPoint/Word editing view.

Notes Page View

View showing speaker notes for each slide.

Outline View

Displays slide text in outline form for quick editing.

Slide Sorter View

Thumbnails of slides to reorder and organize the deck.

Column

Vertical component in Excel, identified by letters.

Row

Horizontal component in Excel, identified by numbers.

Cell

Intersection of a row and column; unique address on a worksheet.

Cell Reference

The address of a cell (e.g., B5) used in formulas.

SUM

Function that adds numbers in a specified range.

COUNT

Function that counts numeric cells in a range.

MIN

Function that returns the smallest value in a range.

MAX

Function that returns the largest value in a range.

AVERAGE

Function that returns the arithmetic mean of a range.